diff --git a/example/Makefile.clang b/example/Makefile.clang
index 78488446..475855db 100644
--- a/example/Makefile.clang
+++ b/example/Makefile.clang
@@ -4,26 +4,20 @@ CXX_RELEASE_FLAGS = -O2
 CXX_DEBUG_FLAGS= -g 
 
 
-all:	example bench
-debug: example-debug bench-debug
+all:	example 
+debug: example-debug 
 
 example: example.cpp
 	$(CXX) example.cpp -o example-clang $(CXXFLAGS) $(CXX_RELEASE_FLAGS)
 
-bench: bench.cpp
-	$(CXX) bench.cpp -o bench-clang $(CXXFLAGS) $(CXX_RELEASE_FLAGS)
 	
 
 example-debug: example.cpp
 	$(CXX) example.cpp -o example-clang-debug $(CXXFLAGS) $(CXX_DEBUG_FLAGS)
-	
-bench-debug: bench.cpp
-	$(CXX) bench.cpp -o bench-clang-debug $(CXXFLAGS) $(CXX_DEBUG_FLAGS)	
-
 
 
 clean:
-	rm -f *.o logs/*.txt example-clang example-clang-debug bench-clang bench-clang-debug 
+	rm -f *.o logs/*.txt example-clang example-clang-debug 
 
 
 rebuild: clean all
diff --git a/include/spdlog/details/fmt_helper.h b/include/spdlog/details/fmt_helper.h
index 2ff58ca1..5052cc22 100644
--- a/include/spdlog/details/fmt_helper.h
+++ b/include/spdlog/details/fmt_helper.h
@@ -33,25 +33,7 @@ inline void append_int(T n, fmt::memory_buffer &dest)
     dest.append(i.data(), i.data() + i.size());
 }
 
-
-inline void append_and_pad2(int n, fmt::memory_buffer &dest)
-{
-    if (n > 9)
-    {
-        append_int(n, dest);
-        return;
-    }
-    if (n >= 0) // 0-9
-    {
-        dest.push_back('0');
-        append_int(n, dest);
-        return;
-    }
-    // negatives (unlikely but just in case, let fmt deal with it)
-    fmt::format_to(dest, "{:02}", n);
-}
-
-inline void append_and_pad3(int n, fmt::memory_buffer &dest)
+inline void pad2(int n, fmt::memory_buffer &dest)
 {
     if (n > 99)
     {
@@ -60,70 +42,43 @@ inline void append_and_pad3(int n, fmt::memory_buffer &dest)
     }
     if (n > 9) // 10-99
     {
-        dest.push_back('0');		
-		dest.push_back('0' + n / 10);
-		dest.push_back('0' + n % 10);		
-		return;
-    }
-    else if (n >= 0)
-    {
-        dest.push_back('0');
-        dest.push_back('0');
-		dest.push_back('0' + n);
-		return;
-    }
-    // negatives (unlikely, but just in case let fmt deal with it)
-    else
-    {
-        fmt::format_to(dest, "{:03}", n);
+        dest.push_back('0' + (n / 10));
+        dest.push_back('0' + (n % 10));
         return;
     }
-    
+    if (n >= 0) // 0-9
+    {
+        dest.push_back('0');
+        dest.push_back('0' + n);
+        return;
+    }
+    // negatives (unlikely, but just in case, let fmt deal with it)
+    fmt::format_to(dest, "{:02}", n);
 }
 
-inline void append_and_pad6(int n, fmt::memory_buffer &dest)
+inline void pad3(int n, fmt::memory_buffer &dest)
 {
-    if (n > 99999)
+    if (n > 99)
     {
         append_int(n, dest);
         return;
     }
-    if (n > 9999)
+    if (n > 9) // 10-99
     {
         dest.push_back('0');
-    }
-    else if (n > 999)
-    {
-        dest.push_back('0');
-        dest.push_back('0');
-    }
-    else if (n > 99)
-    {
-        dest.push_back('0');
-        dest.push_back('0');
-        dest.push_back('0');
-    }
-    else if (n > 9)
-    {
-        dest.push_back('0');
-        dest.push_back('0');
-        dest.push_back('0');
-        dest.push_back('0');
-    }
-    else if (n >= 0)
-    {
-        dest.push_back('0');
-        dest.push_back('0');
-        dest.push_back('0');
-        dest.push_back('0');
-        dest.push_back('0');
-    }
-    else // negatives (unlikely, but just in case let fmt deal with it)
-    {
-        fmt::format_to(dest, "{:06}", n);
+        dest.push_back('0' + n / 10);
+        dest.push_back('0' + n % 10);
         return;
     }
-    append_int(n, dest);
+    if (n >= 0)
+    {
+        dest.push_back('0');
+        dest.push_back('0');
+        dest.push_back('0' + n);
+        return;
+    }
+    // negatives (unlikely, but just in case let fmt deal with it)
+    fmt::format_to(dest, "{:03}", n);
 }
 
 } // namespace fmt_helper
diff --git a/include/spdlog/details/pattern_formatter_impl.h b/include/spdlog/details/pattern_formatter_impl.h
index b190e16c..278593b1 100644
--- a/include/spdlog/details/pattern_formatter_impl.h
+++ b/include/spdlog/details/pattern_formatter_impl.h
@@ -121,11 +121,11 @@ class c_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
     void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, fmt::memory_buffer &dest) override
     {
         fmt::format_to(dest, "{} {} {} ", days[tm_time.tm_wday], months[tm_time.tm_mon], tm_time.tm_mday); //
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, dest);
         dest.push_back(':');
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
         dest.push_back(':');
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, dest);
         dest.push_back(' ');
         fmt_helper::append_int(tm_time.tm_year + 1900, dest);
     }
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class C_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
 {
     void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, fmt::memory_buffer &dest) override
     {
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_year % 100, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_year % 100, dest);
     }
 };
 
@@ -145,11 +145,11 @@ class D_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
 {
     void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, fmt::memory_buffer &dest) override
     {
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_mon + 1, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_mon + 1, dest);
         dest.push_back('/');
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_mday, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_mday, dest);
         dest.push_back('/');
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_year % 100, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_year % 100, dest);
     }
 };
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class m_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
 {
     void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, fmt::memory_buffer &dest) override
     {
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_mon + 1, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_mon + 1, dest);
     }
 };
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class d_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
     void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, fmt::memory_buffer &dest) override
     {
         // fmt::format_to(dest, "{:02}", tm_time.tm_mday);
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_mday, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_mday, dest);
     }
 };
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class H_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
 {
     void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, fmt::memory_buffer &dest) override
     {
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, dest);
     }
 };
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ class I_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
 {
     void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, fmt::memory_buffer &dest) override
     {
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(to12h(tm_time), dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(to12h(tm_time), dest);
     }
 };
 
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class M_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
 {
     void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, fmt::memory_buffer &dest) override
     {
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
     }
 };
 
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class S_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
 {
     void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, fmt::memory_buffer &dest) override
     {
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, dest);
     }
 };
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class e_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
     {
         auto duration = msg.time.time_since_epoch();
         auto millis = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(duration).count() % 1000;
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad3(static_cast<int>(millis), dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad3(static_cast<int>(millis), dest);
     }
 };
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class f_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
     {
         auto duration = msg.time.time_since_epoch();
         auto micros = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(duration).count() % 1000000;
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad6(static_cast<int>(micros), dest);
+        fmt::format_to(dest, "{:06}", static_cast<int>(micros));
     }
 };
 
@@ -275,11 +275,11 @@ class r_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
     void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, fmt::memory_buffer &dest) override
     {
         // fmt::format_to(dest, "{:02}:{:02}:{:02} {}", to12h(tm_time), tm_time.tm_min, tm_time.tm_sec, ampm(tm_time));
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(to12h(tm_time), dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(to12h(tm_time), dest);
         dest.push_back(':');
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
         dest.push_back(':');
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, dest);
         fmt::format_to(dest, " {}", ampm(tm_time));
     }
 };
@@ -289,9 +289,9 @@ class R_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
 {
     void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, fmt::memory_buffer &dest) override
     {
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, dest);
         dest.push_back(':');
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
     }
 };
 
@@ -301,11 +301,11 @@ class T_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
     void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, fmt::memory_buffer &dest) override
     {
         // fmt::format_to(dest, "{:02}:{:02}:{:02}", tm_time.tm_hour, tm_time.tm_min, tm_time.tm_sec);
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, dest);
         dest.push_back(':');
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
         dest.push_back(':');
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, dest);
     }
 };
 
@@ -344,9 +344,9 @@ public:
         int h = total_minutes / 60;
         int m = total_minutes % 60;
         dest.push_back(sign);
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(h, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(h, dest);
         dest.push_back(':');
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(m, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(m, dest);
     }
 
 private:
@@ -466,24 +466,24 @@ class full_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
         auto seconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(duration).count();
         if (cached_header_.size() == 0 || cached_seconds_ts_ != seconds)
         {
-            cached_header_ = std::move(fmt::memory_buffer());
+            cached_header_ = fmt::memory_buffer();
             cached_header_.push_back('[');
             fmt_helper::append_int(tm_time.tm_year + 1900, cached_header_);
             cached_header_.push_back('-');
 
-            fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_mon + 1, cached_header_);
+            fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_mon + 1, cached_header_);
             cached_header_.push_back('-');
 
-            fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_mday, cached_header_);
+            fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_mday, cached_header_);
             cached_header_.push_back(' ');
 
-            fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, cached_header_);
+            fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, cached_header_);
             cached_header_.push_back(':');
 
-            fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_min, cached_header_);
+            fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_min, cached_header_);
             cached_header_.push_back(':');
 
-            fmt_helper::append_and_pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, cached_header_);
+            fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, cached_header_);
             cached_header_.push_back('.');
 
             cached_seconds_ts_ = seconds;
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ class full_formatter SPDLOG_FINAL : public flag_formatter
         fmt_helper::append_buf(cached_header_, dest);
 
         auto millis = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(duration).count() % 1000;
-        fmt_helper::append_and_pad3(static_cast<int>(millis), dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad3(static_cast<int>(millis), dest);
         dest.push_back(']');
         dest.push_back(' ');
 #else // no datetime needed
@@ -530,7 +530,9 @@ public:
         std::string eol = spdlog::details::os::default_eol)
         : eol_(std::move(eol))
         , pattern_time_(pattern_time)
+        , last_log_secs_(0)
     {
+        std::memset(&cached_tm_, 0, sizeof(cached_tm_));
         compile_pattern(pattern);
     }
 
@@ -557,7 +559,7 @@ public:
 private:
     const std::string eol_;
     const pattern_time_type pattern_time_;
-    std::tm cached_tm_{};
+    std::tm cached_tm_;
     std::chrono::seconds last_log_secs_;
 
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<details::flag_formatter>> formatters_;
@@ -569,6 +571,7 @@ private:
         }
         return details::os::gmtime(log_clock::to_time_t(msg.time));
     }
+
     void handle_flag(char flag)
     {
         switch (flag)
diff --git a/include/spdlog/sinks/sink.h b/include/spdlog/sinks/sink.h
index 307afe21..513e0661 100644
--- a/include/spdlog/sinks/sink.h
+++ b/include/spdlog/sinks/sink.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public:
         return static_cast<spdlog::level::level_enum>(level_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
     }
 
-    void set_pattern(const std::string& pattern)
+    void set_pattern(const std::string &pattern)
     {
         formatter_ = std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter>(new pattern_formatter(pattern));
     }
diff --git a/include/spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks.h b/include/spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks.h
index 25aeedee..761e32a4 100644
--- a/include/spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks.h
+++ b/include/spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks.h
@@ -27,23 +27,27 @@ using stderr_color_sink_st = ansicolor_stderr_sink_st;
 #endif
 } // namespace sinks
 
-    template<typename Factory = default_factory>
-    inline std::shared_ptr<logger> stdout_color_mt(const std::string &logger_name) {
-        return Factory::template create<sinks::stdout_color_sink_mt>(logger_name);
-    }
+template<typename Factory = default_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> stdout_color_mt(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::stdout_color_sink_mt>(logger_name);
+}
 
-    template<typename Factory = default_factory>
-    inline std::shared_ptr<logger> stdout_color_st(const std::string &logger_name) {
-        return Factory::template create<sinks::stdout_color_sink_st>(logger_name);
-    }
+template<typename Factory = default_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> stdout_color_st(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::stdout_color_sink_st>(logger_name);
+}
 
-    template<typename Factory = default_factory>
-    inline std::shared_ptr<logger> stderr_color_mt(const std::string &logger_name) {
-        return Factory::template create<sinks::stderr_color_sink_mt>(logger_name);
-    }
+template<typename Factory = default_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> stderr_color_mt(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::stderr_color_sink_mt>(logger_name);
+}
 
-    template<typename Factory = default_factory>
-    inline std::shared_ptr<logger> stderr_color_st(const std::string &logger_name) {
-        return Factory::template create<sinks::stderr_color_sink_mt>(logger_name);
-    }
+template<typename Factory = default_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> stderr_color_st(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::stderr_color_sink_mt>(logger_name);
+}
 } // namespace spdlog