/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Copyright (C) 2021 Jon Beniston, M7RCE // // // // This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify // // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by // // the Free Software Foundation as version 3 of the License, or // // (at your option) any later version. // // // // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // // GNU General Public License V3 for more details. // // // // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License // // along with this program. If not, see . // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #include "dvb-s.h" #include "util/popcount.h" #include DVBS::DVBS() : m_prbsPacketCount(0), m_delayLine(0), m_punctureState(0), m_prevIQValid(false) { // Allocate memory for packet buffer m_packet = new uint8_t[rsPacketLen]; // Allocate memory for interleaver FIFOs int unitSize = rsPacketLen/interleaveDepth; m_interleaveFIFO = new uint8_t *[interleaveDepth]; m_interleaveLen = new int[interleaveDepth]; m_interleaveIdx = new int[interleaveDepth]; for (int i = 1; i < interleaveDepth; i++) { m_interleaveFIFO[i] = new uint8_t[unitSize*i](); m_interleaveLen[i] = unitSize*i; m_interleaveIdx[i] = 0; } } DVBS::~DVBS() { // Free interleaver FIFO memory for (int i = 1; i < interleaveDepth; i++) delete m_interleaveFIFO[i]; delete m_interleaveIdx; delete m_interleaveLen; delete m_interleaveFIFO; // Free packet buffer delete m_packet; } // Scramble input packet (except for sync bytes) with psuedo random binary sequence // Initiliase PRBS sequence every 8 packets and invert sync byte void DVBS::scramble(const uint8_t *packetIn, uint8_t *packetOut) { if (m_prbsPacketCount == 0) { // Init m_prbsIdx = 0; // Invert sync byte to reset receiver packetOut[0] = ~tsSync; } else { // PRBS continues, but isn't applied to sync bytes 1-7 m_prbsIdx++; packetOut[0] = tsSync; } m_prbsPacketCount++; if (m_prbsPacketCount == 8) m_prbsPacketCount = 0; // Apply PRBS to data for (int i = 1; i < tsPacketLen; i++) packetOut[i] = packetIn[i] ^ m_prbsLUT[m_prbsIdx++]; } // RS(204,188,t=8) shortened code from RS(255,239,t=8) code // Using GF(2^8=256) so 1 symbol is 1 byte // Code generator polynomial: (x+l^0)(x+l^1)..(x+l^15) l=0x02 // Field generator polynomial: x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1 (a primitive polynomial) // Add 51 zero bytes before 188-byte packet to pad to 239 bytes, which are // discarded after RS encoding. They don't change the result so can just be ignored // n=255 k=239 // RS adds 2t = 16 bytes (n-k) after original data (so is systematic) // t=8 means we can correct 8 bytes if we don't know where the errors are // or 2t=16 errors if we do no where the errors are // https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomon_codes_for_coders // Galois field multiply uint8_t DVBS::gfMul(uint8_t a, uint8_t b) { if ((a == 0) || (b == 0)) return 0; return m_gfExp[m_gfLog[a] + m_gfLog[b]]; } // Reed Solomon encoder void DVBS::reedSolomon(uint8_t *packet) { uint8_t tmp[rsK]; const int partityBytesIdx = tsPacketLen; // Copy in packet memcpy(&tmp[0], packet, tsPacketLen); // Zero parity bytes memset(&tmp[partityBytesIdx], 0, rs2T); // Divide input by generator polynomial to compute parity bytes for (int i = 0; i < tsPacketLen; i++) { uint8_t coef = tmp[i]; if (coef != 0) { for (int j = 0; j < rs2T; j++) tmp[i+j+1] ^= gfMul(rsPoly[j], coef); } } // Append parity bytes to message memcpy(&packet[tsPacketLen], &tmp[partityBytesIdx], rs2T); } // Forney interleaver // We have interleaveDepth FIFOs, each of a different length, that the data is split between // FIFO n's length is n*rsPacketLen/interleaveDepth elements void DVBS::interleave(uint8_t *packet) { uint8_t *p = packet; for (int j = 0; j < rsPacketLen; j += interleaveDepth) { p++; for (int i = 1; i < interleaveDepth; i++) { uint8_t tmp = m_interleaveFIFO[i][m_interleaveIdx[i]]; m_interleaveFIFO[i][m_interleaveIdx[i]] = *p; *p = tmp; m_interleaveIdx[i] = (m_interleaveIdx[i] + 1) % m_interleaveLen[i]; p++; } } } // Convolution encoder // Rate 1/2 with puncturing // Constraint length K=7 G1=171 G2=133 // Similar to CCSDS (without inversion of C2) // Using popcount is faster than state/output LUTs int DVBS::convolution(const uint8_t *packet, uint8_t *iq) { const int g1 = 0x79; const int g2 = 0x5b; const int k = 7; uint8_t *iqStart = iq; int bit; // Output byte left over from last frame if (m_prevIQValid) *iq++ = m_prevIQ; switch (m_codeRate) { case RATE_1_2: for (int i = 0; i < rsPacketLen; i++) { for (int j = 7; j >= 0; j--) { bit = (packet[i] >> j) & 1; m_delayLine = m_delayLine | (bit << (k-1)); *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g1) & 1; *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g2) & 1; m_delayLine >>= 1; } } break; case RATE_2_3: for (int i = 0; i < rsPacketLen; i++) { for (int j = 7; j >= 0; j--) { bit = (packet[i] >> j) & 1; m_delayLine = m_delayLine | (bit << (k-1)); switch (m_punctureState) { case 0: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g1) & 1; *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g2) & 1; m_punctureState++; break; case 1: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g2) & 1; m_punctureState = 0; break; } m_delayLine >>= 1; } } break; case RATE_3_4: for (int i = 0; i < rsPacketLen; i++) { for (int j = 7; j >= 0; j--) { bit = (packet[i] >> j) & 1; m_delayLine = m_delayLine | (bit << (k-1)); switch (m_punctureState) { case 0: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g1) & 1; *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g2) & 1; m_punctureState++; break; case 1: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g2) & 1; m_punctureState++; break; case 2: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g1) & 1; m_punctureState = 0; break; } m_delayLine >>= 1; } } break; case RATE_5_6: for (int i = 0; i < rsPacketLen; i++) { for (int j = 7; j >= 0; j--) { bit = (packet[i] >> j) & 1; m_delayLine = m_delayLine | (bit << (k-1)); switch (m_punctureState) { case 0: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g1) & 1; *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g2) & 1; m_punctureState++; break; case 1: case 3: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g2) & 1; m_punctureState++; break; case 2: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g1) & 1; m_punctureState++; break; case 4: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g1) & 1; m_punctureState = 0; break; } m_delayLine >>= 1; } } break; case RATE_7_8: for (int i = 0; i < rsPacketLen; i++) { for (int j = 7; j >= 0; j--) { bit = (packet[i] >> j) & 1; m_delayLine = m_delayLine | (bit << (k-1)); switch (m_punctureState) { case 0: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g1) & 1; *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g2) & 1; m_punctureState++; break; case 1: case 2: case 3: case 5: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g2) & 1; m_punctureState++; break; case 4: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g1) & 1; m_punctureState++; break; case 6: *iq++ = popcount(m_delayLine & g1) & 1; m_punctureState = 0; break; } m_delayLine >>= 1; } } break; } int iqBytes = iq - iqStart; // If puncturing has left half a symbol, save it for next packet if (iqBytes & 1) { m_prevIQ = iq[-1]; m_prevIQValid = true; } else m_prevIQValid = false; return iqBytes >> 1; } // Set convolution encoder forward error correction (FEC) code rate // Rate 1/2 = 1 input bit produces 2 output bits void DVBS::setCodeRate(CodeRate codeRate) { m_codeRate = codeRate; m_delayLine = 0; m_punctureState = 0; m_prevIQValid = false; } // DVB-S packet encoder. // Encode 188 byte MPEG transport stream to IQ symbols // IQ symbols are 0 or 1 and interleaved (I0, Q0, I1, Q1...) // Number of IQ symbols is returned from function and depends on FEC rate // Maximum number is (188+16)*8=1632 when FEC rate is 1/2 // (This is IQ symbols, so 3264 elements needed in iq array) int DVBS::encode(const uint8_t *tsStreamPacket, uint8_t *iq) { scramble(tsStreamPacket, m_packet); reedSolomon(m_packet); interleave(m_packet); return convolution(m_packet, iq); } // Pseudo random sequence look-up table // Generated with RandomizeDVBS in util/lfsr.h const uint8_t DVBS::m_prbsLUT[tsPacketLen*8-1] = { 0x03, 0xf6, 0x08, 0x34, 0x30, 0xb8, 0xa3, 0x93, 0xc9, 0x68, 0xb7, 0x73, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xaa, 0xf5, 0xfe, 0x3c, 0x04, 0x88, 0x1b, 0x30, 0x5a, 0xa1, 0xdf, 0xc4, 0xc0, 0x9a, 0x83, 0x5f, 0x0b, 0xc2, 0x38, 0x8c, 0x93, 0x2b, 0x6a, 0xfb, 0x7e, 0x1b, 0x04, 0x5a, 0x19, 0xdc, 0x54, 0xc9, 0xfa, 0xb4, 0x1f, 0xb8, 0x41, 0x91, 0x85, 0x65, 0x1f, 0x5e, 0x43, 0xc5, 0x88, 0x9d, 0x33, 0x4e, 0xab, 0xa7, 0xf9, 0xd0, 0x14, 0xe0, 0x7a, 0x41, 0x1d, 0x86, 0x4d, 0x15, 0xae, 0x7d, 0xe5, 0x0c, 0x5e, 0x29, 0xc4, 0xf4, 0x9a, 0x3b, 0x5c, 0x9b, 0xcb, 0x58, 0xbb, 0xd3, 0x98, 0xe9, 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0x81, 0x5d, 0x07, 0xce, 0x10, 0xa4, 0x63, 0xd9, 0x48, 0xd7, 0xb2, 0xf1, 0xae, 0x25, 0xe4, 0xdc, 0x5a, 0xc9, 0xde, 0xb4, 0xc7, 0xba, 0x91, 0x9f, 0x65, 0x43, 0x5f, 0x8b, 0xc1, 0x38, 0x86, 0x93, 0x17, 0x6a, 0x73, 0x7d, 0x2b, 0x0e, 0xfa, 0x26, 0x1c, 0xd4, 0x4a, 0xf9, 0xbe, 0x15, 0x84, 0x7d, 0x19, 0x0e, 0x56, 0x25, 0xf4, 0xdc, 0x3a, 0xc8, 0x9e, 0xb3, 0x47, 0xab, 0x91, 0xf9, 0x64, 0x17, 0x58, 0x73, 0xd1, 0x28, 0xe6, 0xf2, 0x56, 0x2d, 0xf4, 0xec, 0x3a, 0x68, 0x9d, 0x73, 0x4f, 0x2b, 0xa2, 0xf9, 0xce, 0x14, 0xa4, 0x7b, 0xd9, 0x18, 0xd6, 0x52, 0xf5, 0xee, 0x3c, 0x64, 0x89, 0x5b, 0x37, 0xda, 0xb0, 0xdf, 0xa2, 0xc1, 0xce, 0x84, 0xa7, 0x1b, 0xd2, 0x58, 0xed, 0xd2, 0x6c, 0xed, 0x6a, 0x6f, 0x7d, 0x63, 0x0f, 0x4a, 0x23, 0xbc, 0xc9, 0x8a, 0xb5, 0x3f, 0xbe, 0x81, 0x87, 0x05, 0x12, 0x1e, 0x6c, 0x45, 0x69, 0x9f, 0x75, 0x43, 0x3f, 0x8a, 0x81, 0x3f, 0x06, 0x82, 0x17, 0x0c, 0x72, 0x29, 0x2c, 0xf6, 0xea, 0x36, 0x7c, 0xb5, 0x0b, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x84, 0x95, 0x1b, 0x7e, 0x5b, 0x05, 0xda, 0x1c, 0xdc, 0x4a, 0xc9, 0xbe, 0xb5, 0x87, 0xbd, 0x11, 0x8e, 0x65, 0x25, 0x5e, 0xdf, 0xc6, 0xc0, 0x96, 0x83, 0x77, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x3a, 0xac, 0x9f, 0xeb, 0x40, 0x7b, 0x81, 0x19, 0x06, 0x56, 0x15, 0xf4, 0x7c, 0x39, 0x08, 0x96, 0x33, 0x74, 0xab, 0x3b, 0xfa, 0x98, 0x1f, 0x50, 0x43, 0xe1, 0x88, 0x45, 0x31, 0x9e, 0xa5, 0x47, 0xdf, 0x90, 0xc1, 0x62, 0x87, 0x4f, 0x13, 0xa2, 0x69, 0xcd, 0x74, 0xaf, 0x3b, 0xe2, 0x98, 0x4f, 0x51, 0xa3, 0xe5, 0xc8, 0x5c, 0xb1, 0xcb, 0xa4, 0xb9, 0xdb, 0x94, 0xd9, 0x7a, 0xd7, 0x1e, 0xf2, 0x46, 0x2d, 0x94, 0xed, 0x7a, 0x6f, 0x1d, 0x62, 0x4f, 0x4d, 0xa3, 0xad, 0xc9, 0xec, 0xb4, 0x6b, 0xb9, 0x79, 0x97, 0x15, 0x72, 0x7f, 0x2d, 0x02, 0xee, 0x0e, 0x64, 0x25, 0x58, 0xdf, 0xd2, 0xc0, 0xee, 0x82, 0x67, 0x0d, 0x52, 0x2f, 0xec, 0xe0, 0x6a, 0x41, 0x7d, 0x87, 0x0d, 0x12, 0x2e, 0x6c, 0xe5, 0x6a, 0x5f, 0x7d, 0xc3, 0x0c, 0x8a, 0x2b, 0x3c, 0xfa, 0x8a, 0x1f, 0x3c, 0x42, 0x89, 0x8f, 0x35, 0x22, 0xbe, 0xcf, 0x86, 0xa1, 0x17, 0xc6, 0x70, 0x95, 0x23, 0x7e, 0xcb, 0x06, 0xba, 0x17, 0x9c, 0x71, 0x49, 0x27, 0xb6, 0xd1, 0xb6, 0xe5, 0xb6, 0x5d, 0xb5, 0xcd, 0xbc, 0xad, 0x8b, 0xed, 0x38, 0x6e, 0x91, 0x67, 0x67, 0x53, 0x53, 0xeb, 0xe8, 0x78, 0x71, 0x11, 0x26, 0x66, 0xd5, 0x56, 0xff, 0xf6, 0x00, 0x34, 0x00, 0xb8, 0x03, 0x90, 0x09, 0x60, 0x37, 0x40, 0xb3, 0x83, 0xa9, 0x09, 0xf6, 0x34, 0x34, 0xb8, 0xbb, 0x93, 0x99, 0x69, 0x57, 0x77, 0xf3, 0x30, 0x2a, 0xa0, 0xff, 0xc2, 0x00, 0x8c, 0x03, 0x28, 0x0a, 0xf0, 0x3e, 0x20, 0x84, 0xc3, 0x1a, 0x8a, 0x5f, 0x3d, 0xc2, 0x8c, 0x8f, 0x2b, 0x22, 0xfa, 0xce, 0x1e, 0xa4, 0x47, 0xd9, 0x90, 0xd5, 0x62, 0xff, 0x4e, 0x03, 0xa4, 0x09, 0xd8, 0x34, 0xd0, 0xba, 0xe3, 0x9e, 0x49, 0x45, 0xb7, 0x9d, 0xb1, 0x4d, 0xa7, 0xad, 0xd1, 0xec, 0xe4, 0x6a, 0x59, 0x7d, 0xd7, 0x0c, 0xf2, 0x2a, 0x2c, 0xfc, 0xea, 0x0a, 0x7c, 0x3d, 0x08, 0x8e, 0x33, 0x24, 0xaa, 0xdb, 0xfe, 0xd8, 0x06, 0xd0, 0x16, 0xe0, 0x76, 0x41, 0x35, 0x86, 0xbd, 0x17, 0x8e, 0x71, 0x25, 0x26, 0xde, 0xd6, 0xc6, 0xf6, 0x96, 0x37, 0x74, 0xb3, 0x3b, 0xaa, 0x99, 0xff, 0x54, 0x03, 0xf8, 0x08, 0x10, 0x30, 0x60, 0xa1, 0x43, 0xc7, 0x88, 0x91, 0x33, 0x66, 0xab, 0x57, 0xfb, 0xf0, 0x18, 0x20, 0x50, 0xc1, 0xe2, 0x84, 0x4f, 0x19, 0xa2, 0x55, 0xcd, 0xfc, 0xac, 0x0b, 0xe8, 0x38, 0x70, 0x91, 0x23, 0x66, 0xcb, 0x56, 0xbb, 0xf7, 0x98, 0x31, 0x50, 0xa7, 0xe3, 0xd0, 0x48, 0xe1, 0xb2, 0x45, 0xad, 0x9d, 0xed, 0x4c, 0x6f, 0xa9, 0x61, 0xf7, 0x44, 0x33, 0x98, 0xa9, 0x53, 0xf7, 0xe8, 0x30, 0x70, 0xa1, 0x23, 0xc6, 0xc8, 0x96, 0xb3, 0x77, 0xab, 0x31, 0xfa, 0xa4, 0x1f, 0xd8, 0x40, 0xd1, 0x82, 0xe5, 0x0e, 0x5e, 0x25, 0xc4, 0xdc, 0x9a, 0xcb, }; // Generator polynmoial const uint8_t DVBS::rsPoly[DVBS::rs2T] = { 59, 13, 104, 189, 68, 209, 30, 8, 163, 65, 41, 229, 98, 50, 36, 59 }; // Galios Field logarithm const uint8_t DVBS::m_gfLog[256] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x19, 0x02, 0x32, 0x1a, 0xc6, 0x03, 0xdf, 0x33, 0xee, 0x1b, 0x68, 0xc7, 0x4b, 0x04, 0x64, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x34, 0x8d, 0xef, 0x81, 0x1c, 0xc1, 0x69, 0xf8, 0xc8, 0x08, 0x4c, 0x71, 0x05, 0x8a, 0x65, 0x2f, 0xe1, 0x24, 0x0f, 0x21, 0x35, 0x93, 0x8e, 0xda, 0xf0, 0x12, 0x82, 0x45, 0x1d, 0xb5, 0xc2, 0x7d, 0x6a, 0x27, 0xf9, 0xb9, 0xc9, 0x9a, 0x09, 0x78, 0x4d, 0xe4, 0x72, 0xa6, 0x06, 0xbf, 0x8b, 0x62, 0x66, 0xdd, 0x30, 0xfd, 0xe2, 0x98, 0x25, 0xb3, 0x10, 0x91, 0x22, 0x88, 0x36, 0xd0, 0x94, 0xce, 0x8f, 0x96, 0xdb, 0xbd, 0xf1, 0xd2, 0x13, 0x5c, 0x83, 0x38, 0x46, 0x40, 0x1e, 0x42, 0xb6, 0xa3, 0xc3, 0x48, 0x7e, 0x6e, 0x6b, 0x3a, 0x28, 0x54, 0xfa, 0x85, 0xba, 0x3d, 0xca, 0x5e, 0x9b, 0x9f, 0x0a, 0x15, 0x79, 0x2b, 0x4e, 0xd4, 0xe5, 0xac, 0x73, 0xf3, 0xa7, 0x57, 0x07, 0x70, 0xc0, 0xf7, 0x8c, 0x80, 0x63, 0x0d, 0x67, 0x4a, 0xde, 0xed, 0x31, 0xc5, 0xfe, 0x18, 0xe3, 0xa5, 0x99, 0x77, 0x26, 0xb8, 0xb4, 0x7c, 0x11, 0x44, 0x92, 0xd9, 0x23, 0x20, 0x89, 0x2e, 0x37, 0x3f, 0xd1, 0x5b, 0x95, 0xbc, 0xcf, 0xcd, 0x90, 0x87, 0x97, 0xb2, 0xdc, 0xfc, 0xbe, 0x61, 0xf2, 0x56, 0xd3, 0xab, 0x14, 0x2a, 0x5d, 0x9e, 0x84, 0x3c, 0x39, 0x53, 0x47, 0x6d, 0x41, 0xa2, 0x1f, 0x2d, 0x43, 0xd8, 0xb7, 0x7b, 0xa4, 0x76, 0xc4, 0x17, 0x49, 0xec, 0x7f, 0x0c, 0x6f, 0xf6, 0x6c, 0xa1, 0x3b, 0x52, 0x29, 0x9d, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x60, 0x86, 0xb1, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0x3e, 0x5a, 0xcb, 0x59, 0x5f, 0xb0, 0x9c, 0xa9, 0xa0, 0x51, 0x0b, 0xf5, 0x16, 0xeb, 0x7a, 0x75, 0x2c, 0xd7, 0x4f, 0xae, 0xd5, 0xe9, 0xe6, 0xe7, 0xad, 0xe8, 0x74, 0xd6, 0xf4, 0xea, 0xa8, 0x50, 0x58, 0xaf }; // Galios Field exponent const uint8_t DVBS::m_gfExp[512] = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcd, 0x87, 0x13, 0x26, 0x4c, 0x98, 0x2d, 0x5a, 0xb4, 0x75, 0xea, 0xc9, 0x8f, 0x03, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x9d, 0x27, 0x4e, 0x9c, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb5, 0x77, 0xee, 0xc1, 0x9f, 0x23, 0x46, 0x8c, 0x05, 0x0a, 0x14, 0x28, 0x50, 0xa0, 0x5d, 0xba, 0x69, 0xd2, 0xb9, 0x6f, 0xde, 0xa1, 0x5f, 0xbe, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x99, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x65, 0xca, 0x89, 0x0f, 0x1e, 0x3c, 0x78, 0xf0, 0xfd, 0xe7, 0xd3, 0xbb, 0x6b, 0xd6, 0xb1, 0x7f, 0xfe, 0xe1, 0xdf, 0xa3, 0x5b, 0xb6, 0x71, 0xe2, 0xd9, 0xaf, 0x43, 0x86, 0x11, 0x22, 0x44, 0x88, 0x0d, 0x1a, 0x34, 0x68, 0xd0, 0xbd, 0x67, 0xce, 0x81, 0x1f, 0x3e, 0x7c, 0xf8, 0xed, 0xc7, 0x93, 0x3b, 0x76, 0xec, 0xc5, 0x97, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x85, 0x17, 0x2e, 0x5c, 0xb8, 0x6d, 0xda, 0xa9, 0x4f, 0x9e, 0x21, 0x42, 0x84, 0x15, 0x2a, 0x54, 0xa8, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x29, 0x52, 0xa4, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x49, 0x92, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd5, 0xb7, 0x73, 0xe6, 0xd1, 0xbf, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x91, 0x3f, 0x7e, 0xfc, 0xe5, 0xd7, 0xb3, 0x7b, 0xf6, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xe3, 0xdb, 0xab, 0x4b, 0x96, 0x31, 0x62, 0xc4, 0x95, 0x37, 0x6e, 0xdc, 0xa5, 0x57, 0xae, 0x41, 0x82, 0x19, 0x32, 0x64, 0xc8, 0x8d, 0x07, 0x0e, 0x1c, 0x38, 0x70, 0xe0, 0xdd, 0xa7, 0x53, 0xa6, 0x51, 0xa2, 0x59, 0xb2, 0x79, 0xf2, 0xf9, 0xef, 0xc3, 0x9b, 0x2b, 0x56, 0xac, 0x45, 0x8a, 0x09, 0x12, 0x24, 0x48, 0x90, 0x3d, 0x7a, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf7, 0xf3, 0xfb, 0xeb, 0xcb, 0x8b, 0x0b, 0x16, 0x2c, 0x58, 0xb0, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xe9, 0xcf, 0x83, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xad, 0x47, 0x8e, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcd, 0x87, 0x13, 0x26, 0x4c, 0x98, 0x2d, 0x5a, 0xb4, 0x75, 0xea, 0xc9, 0x8f, 0x03, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x9d, 0x27, 0x4e, 0x9c, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb5, 0x77, 0xee, 0xc1, 0x9f, 0x23, 0x46, 0x8c, 0x05, 0x0a, 0x14, 0x28, 0x50, 0xa0, 0x5d, 0xba, 0x69, 0xd2, 0xb9, 0x6f, 0xde, 0xa1, 0x5f, 0xbe, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x99, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x65, 0xca, 0x89, 0x0f, 0x1e, 0x3c, 0x78, 0xf0, 0xfd, 0xe7, 0xd3, 0xbb, 0x6b, 0xd6, 0xb1, 0x7f, 0xfe, 0xe1, 0xdf, 0xa3, 0x5b, 0xb6, 0x71, 0xe2, 0xd9, 0xaf, 0x43, 0x86, 0x11, 0x22, 0x44, 0x88, 0x0d, 0x1a, 0x34, 0x68, 0xd0, 0xbd, 0x67, 0xce, 0x81, 0x1f, 0x3e, 0x7c, 0xf8, 0xed, 0xc7, 0x93, 0x3b, 0x76, 0xec, 0xc5, 0x97, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x85, 0x17, 0x2e, 0x5c, 0xb8, 0x6d, 0xda, 0xa9, 0x4f, 0x9e, 0x21, 0x42, 0x84, 0x15, 0x2a, 0x54, 0xa8, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x29, 0x52, 0xa4, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x49, 0x92, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd5, 0xb7, 0x73, 0xe6, 0xd1, 0xbf, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x91, 0x3f, 0x7e, 0xfc, 0xe5, 0xd7, 0xb3, 0x7b, 0xf6, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xe3, 0xdb, 0xab, 0x4b, 0x96, 0x31, 0x62, 0xc4, 0x95, 0x37, 0x6e, 0xdc, 0xa5, 0x57, 0xae, 0x41, 0x82, 0x19, 0x32, 0x64, 0xc8, 0x8d, 0x07, 0x0e, 0x1c, 0x38, 0x70, 0xe0, 0xdd, 0xa7, 0x53, 0xa6, 0x51, 0xa2, 0x59, 0xb2, 0x79, 0xf2, 0xf9, 0xef, 0xc3, 0x9b, 0x2b, 0x56, 0xac, 0x45, 0x8a, 0x09, 0x12, 0x24, 0x48, 0x90, 0x3d, 0x7a, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf7, 0xf3, 0xfb, 0xeb, 0xcb, 0x8b, 0x0b, 0x16, 0x2c, 0x58, 0xb0, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xe9, 0xcf, 0x83, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xad, 0x47, 0x8e, 0x01, 0x02 };