With this patch, we change the way we handle switching from PTRACE_SYSEMU to
PTRACE_{SINGLESTEP,SYSCALL}, to free TIF_SYSCALL_EMU from double use as a
preparation for PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP extension, without changing the
behavior of the host kernel.
Signed-off-by: Bodo Stroesser <bstroesser@fujitsu-siemens.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>,
Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade_spam@yahoo.it>,
Bodo Stroesser <bstroesser@fujitsu-siemens.com>
Adds a new ptrace(2) mode, called PTRACE_SYSEMU, resembling PTRACE_SYSCALL
except that the kernel does not execute the requested syscall; this is useful
to improve performance for virtual environments, like UML, which want to run
the syscall on their own.
In fact, using PTRACE_SYSCALL means stopping child execution twice, on entry
and on exit, and each time you also have two context switches; with SYSEMU you
avoid the 2nd stop and so save two context switches per syscall.
Also, some architectures don't have support in the host for changing the
syscall number via ptrace(), which is currently needed to skip syscall
execution (UML turns any syscall into getpid() to avoid it being executed on
the host). Fixing that is hard, while SYSEMU is easier to implement.
* This version of the patch includes some suggestions of Jeff Dike to avoid
adding any instructions to the syscall fast path, plus some other little
changes, by myself, to make it work even when the syscall is executed with
SYSENTER (but I'm unsure about them). It has been widely tested for quite a
lot of time.
* Various fixed were included to handle the various switches between
various states, i.e. when for instance a syscall entry is traced with one of
PT_SYSCALL / _SYSEMU / _SINGLESTEP and another one is used on exit.
Basically, this is done by remembering which one of them was used even after
the call to ptrace_notify().
* We're combining TIF_SYSCALL_EMU with TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE or TIF_SINGLESTEP
to make do_syscall_trace() notice that the current syscall was started with
SYSEMU on entry, so that no notification ought to be done in the exit path;
this is a bit of a hack, so this problem is solved in another way in next
patches.
* Also, the effects of the patch:
"Ptrace - i386: fix Syscall Audit interaction with singlestep"
are cancelled; they are restored back in the last patch of this series.
Detailed descriptions of the patches doing this kind of processing follow (but
I've already summed everything up).
* Fix behaviour when changing interception kind #1.
In do_syscall_trace(), we check the status of the TIF_SYSCALL_EMU flag
only after doing the debugger notification; but the debugger might have
changed the status of this flag because he continued execution with
PTRACE_SYSCALL, so this is wrong. This patch fixes it by saving the flag
status before calling ptrace_notify().
* Fix behaviour when changing interception kind #2:
avoid intercepting syscall on return when using SYSCALL again.
A guest process switching from using PTRACE_SYSEMU to PTRACE_SYSCALL
crashes.
The problem is in arch/i386/kernel/entry.S. The current SYSEMU patch
inhibits the syscall-handler to be called, but does not prevent
do_syscall_trace() to be called after this for syscall completion
interception.
The appended patch fixes this. It reuses the flag TIF_SYSCALL_EMU to
remember "we come from PTRACE_SYSEMU and now are in PTRACE_SYSCALL", since
the flag is unused in the depicted situation.
* Fix behaviour when changing interception kind #3:
avoid intercepting syscall on return when using SINGLESTEP.
When testing 2.6.9 and the skas3.v6 patch, with my latest patch and had
problems with singlestepping on UML in SKAS with SYSEMU. It looped
receiving SIGTRAPs without moving forward. EIP of the traced process was
the same for all SIGTRAPs.
What's missing is to handle switching from PTRACE_SYSCALL_EMU to
PTRACE_SINGLESTEP in a way very similar to what is done for the change from
PTRACE_SYSCALL_EMU to PTRACE_SYSCALL_TRACE.
I.e., after calling ptrace(PTRACE_SYSEMU), on the return path, the debugger is
notified and then wake ups the process; the syscall is executed (or skipped,
when do_syscall_trace() returns 0, i.e. when using PTRACE_SYSEMU), and
do_syscall_trace() is called again. Since we are on the return path of a
SYSEMU'd syscall, if the wake up is performed through ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL),
we must still avoid notifying the parent of the syscall exit. Now, this
behaviour is extended even to resuming with PTRACE_SINGLESTEP.
Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Avoid giving two traps for singlestep instead of one, when syscall auditing is
enabled.
In fact no singlestep trap is sent on syscall entry, only on syscall exit, as
can be seen in entry.S:
# Note that in this mask _TIF_SINGLESTEP is not tested !!! <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
testb $(_TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE|_TIF_SYSCALL_AUDIT|_TIF_SECCOMP),TI_flags(%ebp)
jnz syscall_trace_entry
...
syscall_trace_entry:
...
call do_syscall_trace
But auditing a SINGLESTEP'ed process causes do_syscall_trace to be called, so
the tracer will get one more trap on the syscall entry path, which it
shouldn't.
Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
CC: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The timers lack .suspend/.resume methods. Because of this, jiffies got a
big compensation after a S3 resume. And then softlockup watchdog reports
an oops. This occured with HPET enabled, but it's also possible for other
timers.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix remaining bits of u32 vs. pm_message confusion. Should not break
anything.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Reset the ISA DMA controller into a known state after a suspend. Primary
concern was reenabling the cascading DMA channel (4).
Signed-off-by: Pierre Ossman <drzeus@drzeus.cx>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch moves the common code in x86 and x86-64's semaphore.c into a
single file in lib/semaphore-sleepers.c. The arch specific asm stubs are
left in the arch tree (in semaphore.c for i386 and in the asm for x86-64).
There should be no changes in code/functionality with this patch.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin LaHaise <benjamin.c.lahaise@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
for_each_cpu walks through all processors in cpu_possible_map, which is
defined as cpu_callout_map on i386 and isn't initialised until all
processors have been booted. This breaks things which do for_each_cpu
iterations early during boot. So, define cpu_possible_map as a bitmap with
NR_CPUS bits populated. This was triggered by a patch i'm working on which
does alloc_percpu before bringing up secondary processors.
From: Alexander Nyberg <alexn@telia.com>
i386-boottime-for_each_cpu-broken.patch
i386-boottime-for_each_cpu-broken-fix.patch
The SMP version of __alloc_percpu checks the cpu_possible_map before
allocating memory for a certain cpu. With the above patches the BSP cpuid
is never set in cpu_possible_map which breaks CONFIG_SMP on uniprocessor
machines (as soon as someone tries to dereference something allocated via
__alloc_percpu, which in fact is never allocated since the cpu is not set
in cpu_possible_map).
Signed-off-by: Zwane Mwaikambo <zwane@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Nyberg <alexn@telia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add a clone operation for pgd updates.
This helps complete the encapsulation of updates to page tables (or pages
about to become page tables) into accessor functions rather than using
memcpy() to duplicate them. This is both generally good for consistency
and also necessary for running in a hypervisor which requires explicit
updates to page table entries.
The new function is:
clone_pgd_range(pgd_t *dst, pgd_t *src, int count);
dst - pointer to pgd range anwhere on a pgd page
src - ""
count - the number of pgds to copy.
dst and src can be on the same page, but the range must not overlap
and must not cross a page boundary.
Note that I ommitted using this call to copy pgd entries into the
software suspend page root, since this is not technically a live paging
structure, rather it is used on resume from suspend. CC'ing Pavel in case
he has any feedback on this.
Thanks to Chris Wright for noticing that this could be more optimal in
PAE compiles by eliminating the memset.
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch adds a notify to the die_nmi notify that the system is about to
be taken down. If the notify is handled with a NOTIFY_STOP return, the
system is given a new lease on life.
We also change the nmi watchdog to carry on if die_nmi returns.
This give debug code a chance to a) catch watchdog timeouts and b) possibly
allow the system to continue, realizing that the time out may be due to
debugger activities such as single stepping which is usually done with
"other" cpus held.
Signed-off-by: George Anzinger<george@mvista.com>
Cc: Keith Owens <kaos@ocs.com.au>
Signed-off-by: George Anzinger <george@mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The pushf/popf in switch_to are ONLY used to switch IOPL. Making this
explicit in C code is more clear. This pushf/popf pair was added as a
bugfix for leaking IOPL to unprivileged processes when using
sysenter/sysexit based system calls (sysexit does not restore flags).
When requesting an IOPL change in sys_iopl(), it is just as easy to change
the current flags and the flags in the stack image (in case an IRET is
required), but there is no reason to force an IRET if we came in from the
SYSENTER path.
This change is the minimal solution for supporting a paravirtualized Linux
kernel that allows user processes to run with I/O privilege. Other
solutions require radical rewrites of part of the low level fault / system
call handling code, or do not fully support sysenter based system calls.
Unfortunately, this added one field to the thread_struct. But as a bonus,
on P4, the fastest time measured for switch_to() went from 312 to 260
cycles, a win of about 17% in the fast case through this performance
critical path.
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Privilege checking cleanup. Originally, these diffs were much greater, but
recent cleanups in Linux have already done much of the cleanup. I added
some explanatory comments in places where the reasoning behind certain
tests is rather subtle.
Also, in traps.c, we can skip the user_mode check in handle_BUG(). The
reason is, there are only two call chains - one via die_if_kernel() and one
via do_page_fault(), both entering from die(). Both of these paths already
ensure that a kernel mode failure has happened. Also, the original check
here, if (user_mode(regs)) was insufficient anyways, since it would not
rule out BUG faults from V8086 mode execution.
Saving the %ss segment in show_regs() rather than assuming a fixed value
also gives better information about the current kernel state in the
register dump.
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Some more assembler cleanups I noticed along the way.
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Subtle fix: load_TLS has been moved after saving %fs and %gs segments to avoid
creating non-reversible segments. This could conceivably cause a bug if the
kernel ever needed to save and restore fs/gs from the NMI handler. It
currently does not, but this is the safest approach to avoiding fs/gs
corruption. SMIs are safe, since SMI saves the descriptor hidden state.
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
i386 inline assembler cleanup.
This change encapsulates descriptor and task register management. Also,
it is possible to improve assembler generation in two cases; savesegment
may store the value in a register instead of a memory location, which
allows GCC to optimize stack variables into registers, and MOV MEM, SEG
is always a 16-bit write to memory, making the casting in math-emu
unnecessary.
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
i386 arch cleanup. Introduce the serialize macro to serialize processor
state. Why the microcode update needs it I am not quite sure, since wrmsr()
is already a serializing instruction, but it is a microcode update, so I will
keep the semantic the same, since this could be a timing workaround. As far
as I can tell, this has always been there since the original microcode update
source.
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
i386 Inline asm cleanup. Use cr/dr accessor functions.
Also, a potential bugfix. Also, some CR accessors really should be volatile.
Reads from CR0 (numeric state may change in an exception handler), writes to
CR4 (flipping CR4.TSD) and reads from CR2 (page fault) prevent instruction
re-ordering. I did not add memory clobber to CR3 / CR4 / CR0 updates, as it
was not there to begin with, and in no case should kernel memory be clobbered,
except when doing a TLB flush, which already has memory clobber.
I noticed that page invalidation does not have a memory clobber. I can't find
a bug as a result, but there is definitely a potential for a bug here:
#define __flush_tlb_single(addr) \
__asm__ __volatile__("invlpg %0": :"m" (*(char *) addr))
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This makes the vDSO use nops for all its padding around instructions,
rather than sometimes zeros, and nop-pads the end of the area containing
instructions to a 32-byte cache line, to keep text and data in separate
lines.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
i386 generic subarchitecture requires explicit dmi strings or command line
to enable bigsmp mode. The patch below removes that restriction, and uses
bigsmp as soon as it finds more than 8 logical CPUs, Intel processors and
xAPIC support.
Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
o With introduction of kexec as boot-loader, the assumption that parameter
segment will always be loaded at lower address than kernel and will be
addressable by early bootup page tables is no longer valid. In kexec on
panic case parameter segment might well be loaded beyond kernel image and
might not be addressable by early boot page tables.
o This case might hit in the scenario where user has reserved a chunk of
memory for second kernel, for example 16MB to 64MB, and has also built
second kernel for physical memory location 16MB. In this case kexec has no
choice but to load the parameter segment at a higher address than new kernel
image at safe location where new kernel does not stomp it.
o Though problem should automatically go away once relocatable kernel for i386
is in place and kexec can determine the location of new kernel at run time
and load parameter segment at lower address than kernel image. But till then
this patch can go in (assuming it does not break something else).
o This patch moves up the boot parameter saving code. Now boot parameters
are copied out in protected mode before page tables are initialized. This
will ensure that parameter segment is always addressable irrespective of
its physical location.
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If the virtual 86 machine reaches an instruction which raises a General
Protection Fault (such as CLI or STI), the instruction is emulated (in
handle_vm86_fault). However, the emulation ignored the TF bit, so the
hardware debug interrupt was not invoked after such an emulated instruction
(and the DOS debugger missed it).
This patch fixes the problem by emulating the hardware debug interrupt as
the last action before control is returned to the VM86 program.
Signed-off-by: Petr Tesarik <kernel@tesarici.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The memory descriptors that comprise the EFI memory map are not fixed in
stone such that the size could change in the future. This uses the memory
descriptor size obtained from EFI to iterate over the memory map entries
during boot. This enables the removal of an x86 specific pad (and ifdef)
in the EFI header. I also couldn't stomach the broken up nature of the
function to put EFI runtime calls into virtual mode any longer so I fixed
that up a bit as well.
For reference, this patch only impacts x86.
Signed-off-by: Matt Tolentino <matthew.e.tolentino@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Only use read_timer_tsc only when CPU has TSC. Thanks to Andrea for
pointing this out. Should not be issue on any platforms as all recent
systems that has HPET also has CPUs that supports TSC. The patch is still
required for correctness.
Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Minor fallout from my upcoming __attribute__((format(printf,x,y)))
patches. The variable 'result' is untouched, so this patch just removes
it.
Signed-off-by: Mika Kukkonen <mikukkon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Ho-hum, did not notice there was more printf fixes for cpufreq (you
should see the amount I have for isdn and reiser ...). Sorry for noise.
Signed-off-by: Mika Kukkonen <mikukkon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
speedstep_centrino.c:extract_clock() assumes the bus speed of 100MHz, which is
not true with latest laptops. Due to this assumption and due to the encoded
frequency check during initialization, speedstep-centrino driver fails even
on systems that has proper ACPI information to do the P-state transition.
The change below moves the centrino-speedstep detection to be used only
when table based P-state transition is done. For ACPI based P-state
transition, we skip the centrino_cpu identification, and as a result we
don't use the bus speed assumption in extract_clock. This change makes
speedstep-centrino work on Pentium-M based systems, which have more than 100MHz
bus speed.
Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
It has been reported that the way Linux handles NODEFER for signals is
not consistent with the way other Unix boxes handle it. I've written a
program to test the behavior of how this flag affects signals and had
several reports from people who ran this on various Unix boxes,
confirming that Linux seems to be unique on the way this is handled.
The way NODEFER affects signals on other Unix boxes is as follows:
1) If NODEFER is set, other signals in sa_mask are still blocked.
2) If NODEFER is set and the signal is in sa_mask, then the signal is
still blocked. (Note: this is the behavior of all tested but Linux _and_
NetBSD 2.0 *).
The way NODEFER affects signals on Linux:
1) If NODEFER is set, other signals are _not_ blocked regardless of
sa_mask (Even NetBSD doesn't do this).
2) If NODEFER is set and the signal is in sa_mask, then the signal being
handled is not blocked.
The patch converts signal handling in all current Linux architectures to
the way most Unix boxes work.
Unix boxes that were tested: DU4, AIX 5.2, Irix 6.5, NetBSD 2.0, SFU
3.5 on WinXP, AIX 5.3, Mac OSX, and of course Linux 2.6.13-rcX.
* NetBSD was the only other Unix to behave like Linux on point #2. The
main concern was brought up by point #1 which even NetBSD isn't like
Linux. So with this patch, we leave NetBSD as the lonely one that
behaves differently here with #2.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The acpi-cpufreq driver does a P-state get after a P-state set
to verify whether set went through successfully. This test
is kind of redundant as set goes throught most of the times,
and the test is also expensive as a get of P-states can
take a lot of time (same as a set operation) as it goes
through SMM mode. Effectively, we are doubling the P-state
latency due to this get opertion.
momdule parameter "acpi_pstate_strict" restores orginal paranoia.
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5129
Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Delete the ability to build an ACPI kernel that does
not include PCI support. When such a machine is created
and it requires a tuned kernel, send a patch.
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1364
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
i386 floating-point exception handling has a bug that can cause error
code 0 to be sent instead of the proper code during signal delivery.
This is caused by unconditionally checking the IS and c1 bits from the
FPU status word when they are not always relevant. The IS bit tells
whether an exception is a stack fault and is only relevant when the
exception is IE (invalid operation.) The C1 bit determines whether a
stack fault is overflow or underflow and is only relevant when IS and IE
are set.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I'm trying to get the nmi working with my laptop (IBM ThinkPad G41) and after
debugging it a while, I found that the nmi code doesn't want to set it up for
this particular CPU.
Here I have:
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 15
model : 4
model name : Mobile Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.33GHz
stepping : 1
cpu MHz : 3320.084
cache size : 1024 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 0
cpu cores : 1
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 3
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge
mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe pni
monitor ds_cpl est tm2 cid xtpr
bogomips : 6642.39
processor : 1
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 15
model : 4
model name : Mobile Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.33GHz
stepping : 1
cpu MHz : 3320.084
cache size : 1024 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 0
cpu cores : 1
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 3
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge
mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe pni
monitor ds_cpl est tm2 cid xtpr
bogomips : 6637.46
And the following code shows:
$ cat linux-2.6.13-rc6/arch/i386/kernel/nmi.c
[...]
void setup_apic_nmi_watchdog (void)
{
switch (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor) {
case X86_VENDOR_AMD:
if (boot_cpu_data.x86 != 6 && boot_cpu_data.x86 != 15)
return;
setup_k7_watchdog();
break;
case X86_VENDOR_INTEL:
switch (boot_cpu_data.x86) {
case 6:
if (boot_cpu_data.x86_model > 0xd)
return;
setup_p6_watchdog();
break;
case 15:
if (boot_cpu_data.x86_model > 0x3)
return;
Here I get boot_cpu_data.x86_model == 0x4. So I decided to change it and
reboot. I now seem to have a working NMI. So, unless there's something know
to be bad about this processor and the NMI. I'm submitting the following
patch.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Zwane Mwaikambo <zwane@arm.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Mikael Pettersson <mikpe@csd.uu.se>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Since early CPU identify is in this information is already available
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Current acpi_register_gsi() function has no way to indicate errors to its
callers even though acpi_register_gsi() can fail to register gsi because of
some reasons (out of memory, lack of interrupt vectors, incorrect BIOS, and so
on). As a result, caller of acpi_register_gsi() cannot handle the case that
acpi_register_gsi() fails. I think failure of acpi_register_gsi() should be
handled properly.
This series of patches changes acpi_register_gsi() to return negative value on
error, and also changes callers of acpi_register_gsi() to handle failure of
acpi_register_gsi().
This patch changes the type of return value of acpi_register_gsi() from
"unsigned int" to "int" to indicate an error. If acpi_register_gsi() fails to
register gsi, it returns negative value.
Signed-off-by: Kenji Kaneshige <kaneshige.kenji@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Fix bug found by Grant Coady <lkml@dodo.com.au>'s autobuild setup.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
We know that the randomisation slows down some workloads on Transmeta CPUs
by quite large amounts. We think it's because the CPU needs to recode the
same x86 instructions when they pop up at a different virtual address after
a fork+exec.
So disable randomization by default on those CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This removes sys_set_zone_reclaim() for now. While i'm sure Martin is
trying to solve a real problem, we must not hard-code an incomplete and
insufficient approach into a syscall, because syscalls are pretty much
for eternity. I am quite strongly convinced that this syscall must not
hit v2.6.13 in its current form.
Firstly, the syscall lacks basic syscall design: e.g. it allows the
global setting of VM policy for unprivileged users. (!) [ Imagine an
Oracle installation and a SAP installation on the same NUMA box fighting
over the 'optimal' setting for this flag. What will they do? Will they
try to set the flag to their own preferred value every second or so? ]
Secondly, it was added based on a single datapoint from Martin:
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-mm&m=111763597218177&w=2
where Martin characterizes the numbers the following way:
' Run-to-run variability for "make -j" is huge, so these numbers aren't
terribly useful except to see that with reclaim the benchmark still
finishes in a reasonable amount of time. '
in other words: the fundamental problem has likely not been solved, only
a tendential move into the right direction has been observed, and a
handful of numbers were picked out of a set of hugely variable results,
without showing the variability data. How much variance is there
run-to-run?
I'd really suggest to first walk the walk and see what's needed to get
stable & predictable kernel compilation numbers on that NUMA box, before
adding random syscalls to tune a particular aspect of the VM ... which
approach might not even matter once the whole picture has been analyzed
and understood!
The third, most important point is that the syscall exposes VM tuning
internals in a completely unstructured way. What sense does it make to
have a _GLOBAL_ per-node setting for 'should we go to another node for
reclaim'? If then it might make sense to do this per-app, via numalib or
so.
The change is minimalistic in that it doesnt remove the syscall and the
underlying infrastructure changes, only the user-visible changes. We
could perhaps add a CAP_SYS_ADMIN-only sysctl for this hack, a'ka
/proc/sys/vm/swappiness, but even that looks quite counterproductive
when the generic approach is that we are trying to reduce the number of
external factors in the VM balance picture.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Otherwise a platform that supports ACPI based cpufreq
and boots up at lowest possible speed could stay there
forever. This because the governor may request max speed,
but the code doesn't update if there is no change in
speed, and it assumed the initial state of max speed.
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=4634
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
The patch addresses a problem with ACPI SCI interrupt entry, which gets
re-used, and the IRQ is assigned to another unrelated device. The patch
corrects the code such that SCI IRQ is skipped and duplicate entry is
avoided. Second issue came up with VIA chipset, the problem was caused by
original patch assigning IRQs starting 16 and up. The VIA chipset uses
4-bit IRQ register for internal interrupt routing, and therefore cannot
handle IRQ numbers assigned to its devices. The patch corrects this
problem by allowing PCI IRQs below 16.
Signed-off by: Natalie Protasevich <Natalie.Protasevich@unisys.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/powernow-k8.c:740: warning: unused variable `vid'
arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/powernow-k8.c:739: warning: unused variable `fid'
arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/powernow-k8.c:743: warning: unused variable `vid'
arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/powernow-k8.c:742: warning: unused variable `fid'
arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/powernow-k8.c:746: `fid' undeclared (first use in this function)
arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/powernow-k8.c:746: `vid' undeclared (first use in this function)
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
For some reason I was telling my inline assembly that the
input argument was an output argument.
Playing in the trampoline code I have seen a couple of
instances where lgdt get the wrong size (because the
trampolines run in 16bit mode) so use lgdtl and lidtl to
be explicit.
Additionally gcc-3.3 and gcc-3.4 want's an lvalue for a
memory argument and it doesn't think an array of characters
is an lvalue so use a packed structure instead.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Somewhere recently, the TSC got re-enabled for timekeeping on NUMAQ
machines. However, the hardware makes these get unsynchronized quite
badly. So badly, in fact, that the code to fix up the skew can just hang
on boot.
This patch re-disables them. It's nicely confined to the numaq.c file. It
would be great if this could make it into 2.6.13, I think it counts as a
bugfix.
Tested on a 16-proc 4-node NUMAQ.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
powernow-k8.c:110: warning: `hi' may be used uninitialized in this function
Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <bgerst@didntduck.org>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
can be encoded in the current driver's 4 bit frequency
field. This patch updates the driver to support Rev F
including 6 bit FIDs and processor ID updates.
This should apply cleanly whether or not the dual-core
bugfix I sent out last week is applied. I'd prefer
that both get applied, of course.
Signed-off-by: David Keck <david.keck@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Langsdorf <mark.langsdorf@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
each core be created in the _cpu_init function
call. The cpufreq infrastructure doesn't call
_cpu_init for the second core in each processor.
Some systems crashed when _get was called with
an odd-numbered core because it tried to
dereference a NULL pointer since the data
structure had not been created.
The attached patch solves the problem by
initializing data structures for all shared
cores in the _cpu_init function. It should
apply to 2.6.12-rc6 and has been tested by
AMD and Sun.
Signed-off-by: Mark Langsdorf <mark.langsdorf@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
sys_get_thread_area does not memset to 0 its struct user_desc info before
copying it to user space... since sizeof(struct user_desc) is 16 while the
actual datas which are filled are only 12 bytes + 9 bits (across the
bitfields), there is a (small) information leak.
Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
powernow-k8.c: In function `query_current_values_with_pending_wait':
powernow-k8.c:110: warning: `hi' may be used uninitialized in this function
Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <bgerst@didntduck.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
machine_power_off now always switches to the boot cpu so there
is no reason for APM to also do that.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Call machine_shutdown() to move to the boot cpu
and disable apics. Both acpi_power_off and
apm_power_off want to move to the boot cpu.
and we are already disabling the local apics
so calling machine_shutdown simply reuses
code.
ia64 doesn't have a special path in power_off
for efi so there is no reason i386 should. If
we really need to call the efi power off path
the efi driver can set pm_power_off like everyone
else.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This appears to be a typo I introduced when cleaning
this code up earlier. Ooops.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
set_cpus_allowed is not safe in interrupt context
and disabling apics is complicated code so don't
call machine_shutdown on i386 from emergency_restart().
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
machine_restart, machine_halt and machine_power_off are machine
specific hooks deep into the reboot logic, that modules
have no business messing with. Usually code should be calling
kernel_restart, kernel_halt, kernel_power_off, or
emergency_restart. So don't export machine_restart,
machine_halt, and machine_power_off so we can catch buggy users.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
It is no longer valid to not replace instructions, since we depend on
different behaviour depending on CPU capabilities.
If you need to limit the capabilities of the replacements (because the
boot CPU has features that non-boot CPU's do not have, for example), you
need to explicitly disable those capabilities that are not shared across
all CPU's.
For example, if your boot CPU has FXSR, but other CPU's in your system
do not, you need to use the "nofxsr" kernel command line, not disable
instruction replacement per se.
It's really just a single instruction, conditional on whether the CPU
supports FXSR or not, so implement it as such instead of making it a
function that queries FXSR dynamically.
This means that the instruction just gets automatically rewritten to the
correct one at boot-time.
These days %gs is normally the TLS segment, so it's no longer zero. As
a result, we shouldn't just assume that %fs/%gs tend to be zero
together, but test them independently instead.
Also, fix setting of debug registers to use the "next" pointer instead
of "current". It so happens that the scheduler will have set the new
current pointer before calling __switch_to(), but that's just an
implementation detail.
inotify is intended to correct the deficiencies of dnotify, particularly
its inability to scale and its terrible user interface:
* dnotify requires the opening of one fd per each directory
that you intend to watch. This quickly results in too many
open files and pins removable media, preventing unmount.
* dnotify is directory-based. You only learn about changes to
directories. Sure, a change to a file in a directory affects
the directory, but you are then forced to keep a cache of
stat structures.
* dnotify's interface to user-space is awful. Signals?
inotify provides a more usable, simple, powerful solution to file change
notification:
* inotify's interface is a system call that returns a fd, not SIGIO.
You get a single fd, which is select()-able.
* inotify has an event that says "the filesystem that the item
you were watching is on was unmounted."
* inotify can watch directories or files.
Inotify is currently used by Beagle (a desktop search infrastructure),
Gamin (a FAM replacement), and other projects.
See Documentation/filesystems/inotify.txt.
Signed-off-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com>
Cc: John McCutchan <ttb@tentacle.dhs.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add a new section called ".data.read_mostly" for data items that are read
frequently and rarely written to like cpumaps etc.
If these maps are placed in the .data section then these frequenly read
items may end up in cachelines with data is is frequently updated. In that
case all processors in an SMP system must needlessly reload the cachelines
again and again containing elements of those frequently used variables.
The ability to share these cachelines will allow each cpu in an SMP system
to keep local copies of those shared cachelines thereby optimizing
performance.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Shobhit Dayal <shobhit@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <christoph@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
There has been some discuss about solving the SMP MTRR suspend/resume
breakage, but I didn't find a patch for it. This is an intent for it. The
basic idea is moving mtrr initializing into cpu_identify for all APs (so it
works for cpu hotplug). For BP, restore_processor_state is responsible for
restoring MTRR.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The following renames arch_init, a kprobes function for performing any
architecture specific initialization, to arch_init_kprobes in order to
cleanup the namespace.
Also, this patch adds arch_init_kprobes to sparc64 to fix the sparc64 kprobes
build from the last return probe patch.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The dynamic pci id logic has been bothering me for a while, and now that
I started to look into how to move some of this to the driver core, I
thought it was time to clean it all up.
It ends up making the code smaller, and easier to follow, and fixes a
few bugs at the same time (dynamic ids were not being matched
everywhere, and so could be missed on some call paths for new devices,
semaphore not needed to be grabbed when adding a new id and calling the
driver core, etc.)
I also renamed the function pci_match_device() to pci_match_id() as
that's what it really does.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch is the first step in properly handling the MCFG PCI table.
It defines the structures properly, and saves off the table so that the
pci mmconfig code can access it. It moves the parsing of the table a
little later in the boot process, but still before the information is
needed.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch adds the following new interfaces for I/O xAPIC
hotplug. The implementation of these interfaces depends on each
architecture.
o int acpi_register_ioapic(acpi_handle handle, u64 phys_addr,
u32 gsi_base);
This new interface is to add a new I/O xAPIC specified by
phys_addr and gsi_base pair. phys_addr is the physical address
to which the I/O xAPIC is mapped and gsi_base is global system
interrupt base of the I/O xAPIC. acpi_register_ioapic returns
0 on success, or negative value on error.
o int acpi_unregister_ioapic(acpi_handle handle, u32 gsi_base);
This new interface is to remove a I/O xAPIC specified by
gsi_base. acpi_unregister_ioapic returns 0 on success, or
negative value on error.
Signed-off-by: Kenji Kaneshige <kaneshige.kenji@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The following patch contains the i386 specific changes for the new
return probe design. Changes include:
* Removing the architecture specific functions for querying a return probe
instance off a stack address
* Complete rework onf arch_prepare_kretprobe() and trampoline_probe_handler()
* Removing trampoline_post_handler()
* Adding arch_init() so that now we handle registering the return probe
trampoline instead of kernel/kprobes.c doing it
Signed-off-by: Rusty Lynch <rusty.lynch@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I believe at least for seccomp it's worth to turn off the tsc, not just for
HT but for the L2 cache too. So it's up to you, either you turn it off
completely (which isn't very nice IMHO) or I recommend to apply this below
patch.
This has been tested successfully on x86-64 against current cogito
repository (i686 compiles so I didn't bother testing ;). People selling
the cpu through cpushare may appreciate this bit for a peace of mind.
There's no way to get any timing info anymore with this applied
(gettimeofday is forbidden of course). The seccomp environment is
completely deterministic so it can't be allowed to get timing info, it has
to be deterministic so in the future I can enable a computing mode that
does a parallel computing for each task with server side transparent
checkpointing and verification that the output is the same from all the 2/3
seller computers for each task, without the buyer even noticing (for now
the verification is left to the buyer client side and there's no
checkpointing, since that would require more kernel changes to track the
dirty bits but it'll be easy to extend once the basic mode is finished).
Eliminating a cold-cache read of the cr4 global variable will save one
cacheline during the tlb flush while making the code per-cpu-safe at the
same time. Thanks to Mikael Pettersson for noticing the tlb flush wasn't
per-cpu-safe.
The global tlb flush can run from irq (IPI calling do_flush_tlb_all) but
it'll be transparent to the switch_to code since the IPI won't make any
change to the cr4 contents from the point of view of the interrupted code
and since it's now all per-cpu stuff, it will not race. So no need to
disable irqs in switch_to slow path.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@cpushare.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This updates the CFQ io scheduler to the new time sliced design (cfq
v3). It provides full process fairness, while giving excellent
aggregate system throughput even for many competing processes. It
supports io priorities, either inherited from the cpu nice value or set
directly with the ioprio_get/set syscalls. The latter closely mimic
set/getpriority.
This import is based on my latest from -mm.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
1. Establish a simple API for process freezing defined in linux/include/sched.h:
frozen(process) Check for frozen process
freezing(process) Check if a process is being frozen
freeze(process) Tell a process to freeze (go to refrigerator)
thaw_process(process) Restart process
frozen_process(process) Process is frozen now
2. Remove all references to PF_FREEZE and PF_FROZEN from all
kernel sources except sched.h
3. Fix numerous locations where try_to_freeze is manually done by a driver
4. Remove the argument that is no longer necessary from two function calls.
5. Some whitespace cleanup
6. Clear potential race in refrigerator (provides an open window of PF_FREEZE
cleared before setting PF_FROZEN, recalc_sigpending does not check
PF_FROZEN).
This patch does not address the problem of freeze_processes() violating the rule
that a task may only modify its own flags by setting PF_FREEZE. This is not clean
in an SMP environment. freeze(process) is therefore not SMP safe!
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
There are currently two different boot_cpu_logical_apicid variables:
- a global one in mpparse.c
- a static one in smpboot.c
Of these two, only the one in smpboot.c might be used (through
boot_cpu_apicid).
This patch therefore removes the one in mpparse.c .
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrey Panin <pazke@donpac.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
o Following patch provides purely cosmetic changes and corrects CodingStyle
guide lines related certain issues like below in kexec related files
o braces for one line "if" statements, "for" loops,
o more than 80 column wide lines,
o No space after "while", "for" and "switch" key words
o Changes:
o take-2: Removed the extra tab before "case" key words.
o take-3: Put operator at the end of line and space before "*/"
Signed-off-by: Maneesh Soni <maneesh@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If we are faulting in kernel it is quite possible this will lead to a
panic. Save trap number, cr2 (in case of page fault) and error_code in the
current thread (these fields already exist for signal delivery but are not
used here).
This helps later kdump crash analyzing from user-space (a script has been
submitted to dig this info out in gdb).
Signed-off-by: Alexander Nyberg <alexn@telia.com>
Cc: <fastboot@lists.osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Makes kexec_crashdump() take a pt_regs * as an argument. This allows to
get exact register state at the point of the crash. If we come from direct
panic assertion NULL will be passed and the current registers saved before
crashdump.
This hooks into two places:
die(): check the conditions under which we will panic when calling
do_exit and go there directly with the pt_regs that caused the fatal
fault.
die_nmi(): If we receive an NMI lockup while in the kernel use the
pt_regs and go directly to crash_kexec(). We're probably nested up badly
at this point so this might be the only chance to escape with proper
information.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Nyberg <alexn@telia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch adds support for retrieving the address of elf core header if one
is passed in command line.
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch retrieves the max_pfn being used by previous kernel and stores it
in a safe location (saved_max_pfn) before it is overwritten due to user
defined memory map. This pfn is used to make sure that user does not try to
read the physical memory beyond saved_max_pfn.
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
o Problem: Kexec on panic hangs if first kernel is booted with nmi_watchdog
command line parameter. This problem occurs because kexec crash shutdown
code replaces the NMI callback handler. This handler saves the cpu register
states and halts the cpu. If system is booted with nmi_watchdog parameter,
then crashing cpu also runs this nmi handler and halts itself.
o This patch fixes the problem by keeping a track of crashing cpu and not
executing the new nmi handler on crashing cpu.
o There is a dependence on smp_processor_id() function which might return
insane value for cpu, if cpu field of thread_info is corrupted.
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
