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167 lines
6.6 KiB
Plaintext
167 lines
6.6 KiB
Plaintext
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// Status=review
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=== Standard Exchange
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By longstanding tradition, a minimally valid QSO requires the exchange
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of callsigns, a signal report or some other information, and
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acknowledgments. _WSJT-X_ is designed to facilitate making such
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minimal QSOs using short, structured messages. The process works best
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if you use these formats and follow standard operating practices. The
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recommended basic QSO goes something like this:
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[width="90%",cols="3,7,12",options="header"]
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|=======================================
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|UTC|Transmitted Message|Comment
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|0001|CQ K1ABC FN42|K1ABC calls CQ
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|0002|K1ABC G0XYZ IO91|G0XYZ answers
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|0003|G0XYZ K1ABC –19|K1ABC sends report
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|0004|K1ABC G0XYZ R–22|G0XYZ sends acknowledgment and report
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|0005|G0XYZ K1ABC RRR|K1ABC sends acknowledgment
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|0006|K1ABC G0XYZ 73|G0XYZ sends 73
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|=======================================
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*Standard messages* consist of two callsigns (or CQ, QRZ, or DE and
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one callsign) followed by the transmitting station’s grid locator, a
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signal report, R plus a signal report, or the final acknowledgements
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RRR or 73. These messages are compressed and encoded in a highly
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efficient and reliable way. In uncompressed form (as displayed
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on-screen) they may contain as many as 22 characters.
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*Signal reports* are specified as signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) in dB,
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using a standard reference noise bandwidth of 2500 Hz. Thus, in
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example message at UTC 0003 above, K1ABC is telling G0XYZ that his
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signal is 19 dB below the noise power in bandwidth 2500 Hz. In the
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message at 0004, G0XYZ acknowledges receipt of that report and
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responds with a –22 dB signal report. JT65 reports are constrained to
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lie in the range –30 to –1 dB, and values are significantly compressed
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above about -10 dB. JT9 supports the extended range –50 to +49 dB and
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assigns more reliable numbers to relatively strong signals.
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IMPORTANT: Signals become visible on the waterfall around S/N = –26 dB and
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audible (to someone with very good hearing) around –15 dB. Thresholds
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for decodability are around –24 dB for JT65, –26 dB for JT9.
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=== Free Text Messages
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Users often add some friendly chit-chat at the end of a QSO.
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Free-format messages such as ``TNX ROBERT 73'' or ``5W VERT 73 GL''
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are supported, up to a maximum of 13 characters, including spaces. In
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general you should avoid the character / in free-text nessages, as the
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program may then try to interpret your construction as part of a
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compound callsign. It should be obvious that the JT9 and JT65
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protocols are not designed or well suited for extensive conversations
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or rag-chewing.
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[[COMP-CALL]]
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=== Compound Callsigns
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Compound callsigns such as xx/K1ABC or K1ABC/x are handled in
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one of two possible ways:
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.Messages containing Type 1 compound callsigns
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A list of about 350 of the most common prefixes and suffixes can be
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displayed from the *Help* menu. A single compound callsign involving
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one item from this list can be used in place of the standard third
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word of a message (normally a locator, signal report, RRR, or 73).
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The following examples are all acceptable messages containing *Type 1*
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compound callsigns:
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CQ ZA/K1ABC
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CQ K1ABC/4
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ZA/K1ABC G0XYZ
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G0XYZ K1ABC/4
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The following messages are _not_ valid, because a third word is not
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permitted in any message containing a *Type 1* compound callsign:
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ZA/K1ABC G0XYZ -22 #These messages will be sent
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G0XYZ K1ABC/4 73 #without the third "word"
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A QSO between two stations using *Type 1* compound-callsign messages
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might look like this:
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CQ ZA/K1ABC
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ZA/K1ABC G0XYZ
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G0XYZ K1ABC –19
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K1ABC G0XYZ R–22
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G0XYZ K1ABC RRR
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K1ABC G0XYZ 73
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Notice that the full compound callsign is sent and received in the
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first two transmissions. After that, the operators omit the add-on
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prefix or suffix and use the standard structured messages.
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.Type 2 Compound-Callsign Messages
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Prefixes and suffixes _not_ found in the displayable short list are
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handled by using *Type 2* compound callsigns. In this case the
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compound callsign must be the second word in a two- or three-word
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message, and the first word must be CQ, DE, or QRZ. Prefixes can be 1
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to 4 characters, suffixes 1 to 3 characters. A third word conveying a
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locator, report, RRR, or 73 is permitted. The following are valid
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messages containing *Type 2* compound callsigns:
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CQ W4/G0XYZ FM07
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QRZ K1ABC/VE6 DO33
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DE W4/G0XYZ FM18
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DE W4/G0XYZ -22
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DE W4/G0XYZ R-22
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DE W4/G0XYZ RRR
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DE W4/G0XYZ 73
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In each case, the message is treated as *Type 2* because the add-on
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prefix or suffix is _not_ one of those in the fixed list. Note
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that a second callsign is never permissible in these messages.
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IMPORTANT: Remember that during a transmission your transmitted message is
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always displayed in the first label on the *Status Bar*, highlighted
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in yellow. It is displayed there exactly as another station will
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receive it. Be sure to check that you are actually transmitting the
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message you wish to send!
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QSOs involving *Type 2* compound callsigns might look like either
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of the following sequences
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CQ K1ABC/VE1 FN75
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K1ABC G0XYZ IO91
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G0XYZ K1ABC –19
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K1ABC G0XYZ R–22
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G0XYZ K1ABC RRR
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K1ABC/VE1 73
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CQ K1ABC FN42
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DE G0XYZ/W4 FM18
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G0XYZ K1ABC –19
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K1ABC G0XYZ R–22
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G0XYZ K1ABC RRR
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DE G0XYZ/W4 73
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Operators with a compound callsign use its full form when calling CQ
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and possibly also in a 73 transmission, as may be required by
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licensing authorities. Other transmissions during a QSO may use the
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standard structured messages without callsign prefix or suffix.
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IMPORTANT: If you are using a compound callsign, you may want to
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experiment with the option *Message generation for type 2 compound
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callsign holders* on the *Settings | General* tab, so that messages
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will be generated that best suit your needs.
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=== Pre-QSO Checklist
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Before attempting your first QSO with JT9 or JT65, be sure to go
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through the <<TUTORIAL,Basic Operating Tutorial>> above, as well as the following
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checklist:
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- Your callsign and grid locator set to correct values
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- PTT and CAT control (if used) properly configured and tested
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- Computer clock properly synchronized to UTC within ±1 s
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- Radio set to *USB* (upper sideband) mode
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- Radio filters centered and set to widest available passband (up to 5 kHz).
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IMPORTANT: Remember that JT9 and J65 generally do not require high
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power. Under most HF propagation conditions, QRP is the norm.
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