diff --git a/doc/common/license.adoc b/doc/common/license.adoc index bc62060c7..4e5a6b8dc 100755 --- a/doc/common/license.adoc +++ b/doc/common/license.adoc @@ -27,9 +27,10 @@ our work under terms of the GNU General Public License must display the following copyright notice prominently: *The algorithms, source code, look-and-feel of _{prog}_ and related -programs, and protocol specifications for the modes FSK441, FT4, FT8, -JT4, JT6M, JT9, JT65, JTMS, QRA64, ISCAT, and MSK144 are Copyright (C) -2001-2020 by one or more of the following authors: Joseph Taylor, -K1JT; Bill Somerville, G4WJS; Steven Franke, K9AN; Nico Palermo, -IV3NWV; Greg Beam, KI7MT; Michael Black, W9MDB; Edson Pereira, PY2SDR; -Philip Karn, KA9Q; and other members of the WSJT Development Group.* +programs, and protocol specifications for the modes FSK441, FST4, +FST4W, FT4, FT8, JT4, JT6M, JT9, JT44, JT65, JTMS, Q65, QRA64, ISCAT, +and MSK144 are Copyright (C) 2001-2021 by one or more of the following +authors: Joseph Taylor, K1JT; Bill Somerville, G4WJS; Steven Franke, +K9AN; Nico Palermo, IV3NWV; Greg Beam, KI7MT; Michael Black, W9MDB; +Edson Pereira, PY2SDR; Philip Karn, KA9Q; and other members of the +WSJT Development Group.* diff --git a/doc/user_guide/en/controls-functions-center.adoc b/doc/user_guide/en/controls-functions-center.adoc index 0887b3431..b3afa3d2d 100644 --- a/doc/user_guide/en/controls-functions-center.adoc +++ b/doc/user_guide/en/controls-functions-center.adoc @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ specified response frequency. * Checkboxes at bottom center of the main window control special features for particular operating modes: -** *Sh* enables shorthand messages in JT4, JT65, QRA64 and MSK144 modes +** *Sh* enables shorthand messages in JT4, JT65, Q65, and MSK144 modes ** *Fast* enables fast JT9 submodes @@ -69,4 +69,5 @@ features for particular operating modes: ** *Call 1st* enables automatic response to the first decoded responder to your CQ -** *Tx6* toggles between two types of shorthand messages in JT4 mode \ No newline at end of file +** *Tx6* toggles between two types of shorthand messages in JT4 and + Q65 modes \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/user_guide/en/decoder_notes.adoc b/doc/user_guide/en/decoder_notes.adoc index b6eb9b5ac..3da3a8cab 100644 --- a/doc/user_guide/en/decoder_notes.adoc +++ b/doc/user_guide/en/decoder_notes.adoc @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ === AP Decoding -The _WSJT-X_ decoders for FST4, FT4, FT8, JT65, and QRA64 include +The _WSJT-X_ decoders for FST4, FT4, FT8, JT65, and Q65 include procedures that use naturally accumulating information during a minimal QSO. This _a priori_ (AP) information increases sensitivity of the decoder by up to 4 dB, at the cost of a slightly higher rate of -false decodes. AP is optional in FT8, JT65, and QRA64, but is always -enabled for FT4 and FST4 when decode depth is Normal or Deep. +false decodes. AP is optional in FT8 and JT65, but is always enabled +for Q65 and for FT4 and FST4 when decode depth is Normal or Deep. For example: when you decide to answer a CQ, you already know your own callsign and that of your potential QSO partner. The software @@ -132,25 +132,16 @@ End of line information:: `d` - Deep Search algorithm + `f` - Franke-Taylor or Fano algorithm + `N` - Number of Rx intervals or frames averaged + - `P` - Number indicating type of AP information (Table 1, above) + + `P` - Number indicating type of AP information (Table 1 or Table 6) + -Table 6 below shows the meaning of the return codes R in QRA64 mode. - -[[QRA64_AP_INFO_TABLE]] -.QRA64 AP return codes -[width="35%",cols="h10, \| RRR \| RR73 \| 73] |=============================================== diff --git a/doc/user_guide/en/introduction.adoc b/doc/user_guide/en/introduction.adoc index 3d83870f6..8f749b7fa 100644 --- a/doc/user_guide/en/introduction.adoc +++ b/doc/user_guide/en/introduction.adoc @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ first seven are designed for making reliable QSOs under weak-signal conditions. They use nearly identical message structure and source encoding. JT65 was designed for EME ("`moonbounce`") on VHF and higher bands and is mostly used for that purpose today. Q65 replaces -an earlier mode, QRA64; it is particularly effective for tropospheric +an earlier mode, QRA64. Q65 is particularly effective for tropospheric scatter, rain scatter, ionospheric scatter, TEP, and EME on VHF and higher bands, as well as other types of fast-fading signals. JT9 was originally designed for the HF and lower bands. Its submode JT9A is 1 diff --git a/doc/user_guide/en/protocols.adoc b/doc/user_guide/en/protocols.adoc index ba68c86f3..dbfc0732a 100644 --- a/doc/user_guide/en/protocols.adoc +++ b/doc/user_guide/en/protocols.adoc @@ -169,25 +169,25 @@ same as that of the sync tone used in long messages, and the frequency separation is 110250/4096 = 26.92 Hz multiplied by n for JT65A, with n = 2, 3, 4 used to convey the messages RO, RRR, and 73, respectively. -[[QRA64_PROTOCOL]] -==== QRA64 +[[Q65_PROTOCOL]] +==== Q65 -QRA64 is intended for EME and other extreme weak-signal applications. -Its internal code was designed by IV3NWV. The protocol uses a (63,12) -**Q**-ary **R**epeat **A**ccumulate code that is inherently better -than the Reed Solomon (63,12) code used in JT65, yielding a 1.3 dB -advantage. A new synchronizing scheme is based on three 7 x 7 Costas -arrays. This change yields another 1.9 dB advantage. +Q65 is intended for scatter, EME, and other extreme weak-signal +applications. Forward error correction (FEC) uses a specially +designed (65,15) block code with six-bit symbols. Two symbols are +“punctured” from the code, yielding an effective (63,13) code with a +payload of k = 13 information symbols conveyed by n = 63 channel +symbols. The punctured symbols consist of a 12-bit CRC computed from +the 13 information symbols. The CRC is used to reduce the +false-decode rate to a very low value. A 22-symbol pseudo-random +sequence spread throughout a transmission is sent as “tone 0” and used +for synchronization. The total number of channel symbols in a Q65 +transmission is thus 63 + 22 = 85. -In most respects the current implementation of QRA64 is operationally -similar to JT65. QRA64 does not use two-tone shorthand messages, and -it makes no use of a callsign database. Rather, additional -sensitivity is gained by making use of already known information as a -QSO progresses -- for example, when reports are being exchanged and -you have already decoded both callsigns in a previous transmission. -QRA64 presently offers no message averaging capability, though that -feature may be added. In early tests, many EME QSOs were made using -submodes QRA64A-E on bands from 144 MHz to 24 GHz. +For each T/R sequence length, submodes A - E have tone spacings and +occupied bandwidths 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 times those specified in the +above table. Full submode designations include a number for sequence +length and a letter for tone spacing, as in Q65-15A, Q65-120C, etc. [[WSPR_PROTOCOL]] ==== WSPR @@ -277,8 +277,12 @@ which the probability of decoding is 50% or higher. |FT8 |LDPC |(174,91)| 8| 8-GFSK| 6.25 | 50.0 | 0.27| 12.6 | -21 |JT4A |K=32, r=1/2|(206,72)| 2| 4-FSK| 4.375| 17.5 | 0.50| 47.1 | -23 |JT9A |K=32, r=1/2|(206,72)| 8| 9-FSK| 1.736| 15.6 | 0.19| 49.0 | -26 -|JT65A |Reed Solomon|(63,12) |64|65-FSK| 2.692| 177.6 | 0.50| 46.8 | -25 -|QRA64A|Q-ary Repeat Accumulate|(63,12) |64|64-FSK|1.736|111.1|0.25|48.4| -26 +|JT65A |RS|(63,12) |64|65-FSK| 2.692| 177.6 | 0.50| 46.8 | -25 +|Q65-15A |QRA|(63,13) |64|65-FSK|6.667|433|0.26| 12.8| -22.2 +|Q65-30A |QRA|(63,13) |64|65-FSK|3.333|217|0.26| 25.5| -24.8 +|Q65-60A |QRA|(63,13) |64|65-FSK|1.667|108|0.26| 51.0| -27.6 +|Q65-120A|QRA|(63,13) |64|65-FSK|0.750| 49|0.26|113.3| -30.8 +|Q65-300A|QRA|(63,13) |64|65-FSK|0.289| 19|0.26|293.8| -33.8 | WSPR |K=32, r=1/2|(162,50)| 2| 4-FSK| 1.465| 5.9 | 0.50|110.6 | -31 |FST4W-120 |LDPC | (240,74)| 4| 4-GFSK| 1.46 | 5.9 | 0.25| 109.3 | -32.8 |FST4W-300 |LDPC | (240,74)| 4| 4-GFSK| 0.558 | 2.2 | 0.25| 286.7 | -36.8 @@ -286,14 +290,18 @@ which the probability of decoding is 50% or higher. |FST4W-1800 |LDPC | (240,74)| 4| 4-GFSK| 0.089 | 0.36 | 0.25| 1792.0| -44.8 |=============================================================================== -Submodes of JT4, JT9, JT65, and QRA64 offer wider tone spacings for + LDPC = Low Density Parity Check + RS = Reed Solomon + QRA = Q-ary Repeat Accumulate + +Submodes of JT4, JT9, and JT65 offer wider tone spacings for circumstances that may require them, such as significant Doppler spread. Table 8 summarizes the tone spacings, bandwidths, and approximate threshold sensitivities of the various submodes when spreading is comparable to tone spacing. [[SLOW_SUBMODES]] -.Parameters of Slow Submodes with Selectable Tone Spacings +.Parameters of Slow Submodes JT4, JT9, and JT65 with Selectable Tone Spacings [width="50%",cols="h,3*^",frame=topbot,options="header"] |===================================== |Mode |Tone Spacing |BW (Hz)|S/N (dB) @@ -315,11 +323,17 @@ comparable to tone spacing. |JT65A |2.692| 177.6 |-25 |JT65B |5.383| 352.6 |-25 |JT65C |10.767| 702.5 |-25 -|QRA64A|1.736| 111.1 |-26 -|QRA64B|3.472| 220.5 |-25 -|QRA64C|6.944| 439.2 |-24 -|QRA64D|13.889| 876.7 |-23 -|QRA64E|27.778|1751.7 |-22 +|===================================== + +.Parameters of Q65 Submodes +[width="100%",cols="h,5*^",frame=topbot,options="header"] +|===================================== +|T/R Period (s) |A Spacing Width (Hz)|B Spacing Width (Hz)|C Spacing Width (Hz)|D Spacing Width (Hz)|E Spacing Width (Hz) +|15|6.67     4.33|13.33     867|26.67     1733|N/A|N/A +|30|3.33     217|6.67     433|13.33     867| 26.67     1733| N/A +|60|1.67     108|3.33     217|6.67     433|13.33     867|26.67     1733 +|120|0.75     49|1.50     98|3.00     195|6.00     390| 12.00     780 +|300|0.29     19|0.58     38|1.16     75|2.31     150|4.63     301 |===================================== [[FAST_MODES]] diff --git a/doc/user_guide/en/utilities.adoc b/doc/user_guide/en/utilities.adoc index deb27c43f..6f0fc7b0e 100644 --- a/doc/user_guide/en/utilities.adoc +++ b/doc/user_guide/en/utilities.adoc @@ -89,25 +89,6 @@ You will discover that every possible JT65 message differs from every other possible JT65 message in at least 52 of the 63 information-carrying channel symbols. -Here's an example using the QRA64 mode: - - C:\WSJTX\bin qra64code "KA1ABC WB9XYZ EN37" - Message Decoded Err? Type - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 1 KA1ABC WB9XYZ EN37 KA1ABC WB9XYZ EN37 1: Std Msg - - Packed message, 6-bit symbols 34 16 49 32 51 26 31 40 41 22 0 41 - - Information-carrying channel symbols - 34 16 49 32 51 26 31 40 41 22 0 41 16 46 14 24 58 45 22 45 38 54 7 23 2 49 32 50 20 33 - 55 51 7 31 31 46 41 25 55 14 62 33 29 24 2 49 4 38 15 21 1 41 56 56 16 44 17 30 46 36 - 23 23 41 - - Channel symbols including sync - 20 50 60 0 40 10 30 34 16 49 32 51 26 31 40 41 22 0 41 16 46 14 24 58 45 22 45 38 54 7 - 23 2 49 32 50 20 33 55 51 20 50 60 0 40 10 30 7 31 31 46 41 25 55 14 62 33 29 24 2 49 - 4 38 15 21 1 41 56 56 16 44 17 30 46 36 23 23 41 20 50 60 0 40 10 30 - Execution of any of these utility programs with "-t" as the only command-line argument produces examples of all supported message types. For example, using `jt65code -t`: diff --git a/doc/user_guide/en/vhf-features.adoc b/doc/user_guide/en/vhf-features.adoc index 0d0429979..4d8aa3686 100644 --- a/doc/user_guide/en/vhf-features.adoc +++ b/doc/user_guide/en/vhf-features.adoc @@ -11,13 +11,11 @@ higher bands. These features include: - *JT65*, widely used for EME on VHF and higher bands -- *Q65*, for propagation modes including tropospheric scatter, rain -scatter, ionospheric scatter, TEP, and EME +- *Q65*, for ionospheric scatter, tropospheric scatter, rain scatter, +TEP, and EME - *MSK144*, for meteor scatter -- *ISCAT*, for aircraft scatter and other types of scatter propagation - - *Echo* mode, for detecting and measuring your own lunar echoes - *Doppler tracking*, which becomes increasingly important for EME @@ -177,49 +175,31 @@ image::JT65B.png[align="center",alt="JT65B"] === Q65 -Q65 is designed for propagation paths that produce signals exhibiting fast -fading, including tropospheric scatter, rain scatter, ionospheric scatter, -trans-equatorial propagation (TEP), and EME. +Q65 is designed for propagation paths that produce fast fading +signals: tropospheric scatter, rain scatter, ionospheric scatter, +trans-equatorial propagation (TEP), EME, and the like. The following +screen shot shows an example with submode Q65-30A on a 6-meter +ionospheric scatter path of about 1100 km. -EME on VHF and higher bands; its -operation is generally similar to JT4 and JT65. The following screen -shot shows an example of a QRA64C transmission from DL7YC recorded at -G3WDG over the EME path at 24 GHz. Doppler spread on the path was 78 -Hz, so although the signal is reasonably strong its tones are -broadened enough to make them hard to see on the waterfall. The -triangular red marker below the frequency scale shows that the decoder -has achieved synchronization with a signal at approximately 967 Hz. +image::Q65_6m_ionoscatter.png[align="center",alt="Q65"] -image::Q65_6m_ionoscatter.png[align="center",alt="QRA64"] - -The QRA64 decoder makes no use of a callsign database. Instead, it +The Q65 decoder makes no use of a callsign database. Instead, it takes advantage of _a priori_ (AP) information such as one's own -callsign and the encoded form of message word `CQ`. In normal usage, -as a QSO progresses the available AP information increases to include -the callsign of the station being worked and perhaps also his/her -4-digit grid locator. The decoder always begins by attempting to -decode the full message using no AP information. If this attempt -fails, additional attempts are made using available AP information to -provide initial hypotheses about the message content. At the end of -each iteration the decoder computes the extrinsic probability of the -most likely value for each of the message's 12 six-bit information -symbols. A decode is declared only when the total probability for all -12 symbols has converged to an unambiguous value very close to 1. +callsign and the message word `CQ`. In normal usage, as a QSO +progresses the available AP information increases to include the +callsign of the station being worked and perhaps also his/her 4-digit +grid locator. The decoder takes advantage of whatever AP information +is available. -For EME QSOs some operators use short-form QRA64 messages consisting -of a single tone. To activate automatic generation of these messages, -check the box labeled *Sh*. This also enables the generation of a -single tone at 1000Hz by selecting Tx6, to assist in finding signals -initially, as the QRA64 tones are often not visible on the waterfall. -The box labeled *Tx6* switches the Tx6 message from 1000Hz to 1250Hz -to indicate to the other station that you are ready to receive messages. +For Q65 EME QSOs, particularly on the micriowave bands, some operators +use short-form messages consisting of a single tone. To activate +automatic generation of these messages, check the box labeled *Sh*. +This also enables the generation of a single tone at 1000Hz by +selecting Tx6, to assist in finding signals initially. The box +labeled *Tx6* switches the Tx6 message from 1000Hz to 1250Hz to +indicate to the other station that you are ready to receive messages. -TIP: QRA64 attempts to find and decode only a single signal in the -receiver passband. If many signals are present, you may be able to -decode them by double-clicking on the lowest tone of each one in the -waterfall. - -TIP: G3WDG has prepared a more detailed tutorial on using {QRA64_EME}. +// TIP: G3WDG has prepared a more detailed tutorial on using {QRA64_EME}. === MSK144 @@ -332,21 +312,28 @@ image::echo_144.png[align="center",alt="Echo 144 MHz"] === Tips for EME -Current conventions dictate that digital EME is usually done with -JT65A on the 50 MHz band, JT65B on 144 and 432 MHz, and JT65C on 1296 -MHz. On higher microwave bands typical choices are JT65C or one of +Until the advent of Q65, digital EME has mostly been done using JT65A +on the 50 MHz band, JT65B on 144 and 432 MHz, and JT65C on 1296 MHz. +On higher microwave bands typical choices have been JT65C or one of the wider QRA64 or JT4 submodes, depending on the expected amount of -Doppler spread. JT4 and JT65 offer message *Averaging* -- the -summation of subsequent transmissions that convey the same message -- -to enable decodes at signal-to-noise ratios several dB below the -threshold for single transmissions. These modes also allow *Deep -Search* decoding, in which the decoder hypothesizes messages -containing known or previously decoded callsigns and tests them for -reliability using a correlation algorithm. Finally, JT65 and QRA64 -offer _a priori_ (AP) decoding, which takes advantage of naturally -accumulating information during a QSO. The following tutorial aims to -familiarize you with these program features, all of which are of -special interest for EME and other extreme weak-signal conditions. +Doppler spread. We now recommend a suitable submodes of Q65 for EME +on all bands: for example, Q65-60A on 50 and 144 MHz, -60B on +432 MHz, -60C on 1296 MHz, and -60D on 10 GHz. + +JT4, JT65, and Q65 offer *Message Averaging* -- the summation of +subsequent transmissions that convey the same message -- to enable +decodes at signal-to-noise ratios several dB below the threshold for +single transmissions. JT4 and JT65 also allow *Deep Search* decoding, +in which the decoder hypothesizes messages containing known or +previously decoded callsigns and tests them for reliability using a +correlation algorithm. JT65 and Q65 offer _a priori_ (AP) +decoding, which takes advantage of naturally accumulating information +during a QSO. + +//// +The following tutorial aims to familiarize you with +these program features, all of which are of special interest for EME +and other extreme weak-signal conditions. As a starting point, configure _WSJT-X_ as follows: @@ -434,3 +421,5 @@ You might wish to experiment with other combinations of entries for options of the *Decode* menu on and off. For best sensitivity, most users will want to use *Deep* decoding with *Enable averaging*, *Enable deep search*, and *Enable AP* all turned on. + +//// \ No newline at end of file