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Editorial work by Dave, KC3GPM.
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[[AP_Decoding]]
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// Status: edited
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=== AP Decoding
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=== AP Decoding
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The _WSJT-X_ decoders for FT4, FT8, JT65, and QRA64 include optional
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The _WSJT-X_ decoders for FT4, FT8, JT65, QRA64, include
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procedures that take advantage of naturally accumulating information
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procedures that use naturally accumulating information during a
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during a minimal QSO. This _a priori_ (AP) information increases
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minimal QSO. This _a priori_ (AP) information increases sensitivity
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sensitivity of the decoder by up to 4 dB, at the cost of a slightly
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of the decoder by up to 4 dB, at the cost of a slightly higher rate of
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higher rate of false decodes.
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false decodes. AP is optional in FT8, JT65, and QRA64, but is always
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enabled for FT4.
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For example: when you decide to answer a CQ, you already know your own
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For example: when you decide to answer a CQ, you already know your own
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callsign and that of your potential QSO partner. The software
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callsign and that of your potential QSO partner. The software
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therefore "`knows`" what might be expected for at least 57 message
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therefore "`knows`" what might be expected for at least 57 message
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bits (28 for each of two callsigns, 1 or more for message type) in the
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bits (28 for each of two callsigns, one or more for message type) in the
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next received message. The decoder's task can thus be reduced to
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next received message. The decoder's task is thus reduced to
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determining the remaining 15 bits of the message and ensuring that the
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determining the remaining 15 bits of the message and ensuring that the
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resulting solution is consistent with the message's parity symbols.
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resulting solution is reliable.
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AP decoding starts by setting AP bits to the hypothesized values, as
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AP decoding starts by setting AP bits to the hypothesized values, as
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if they had been received correctly. We then determine whether the
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if they had been received correctly. We then determine whether the
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@ -21,12 +23,12 @@ remaining message and parity bits are consistent with the hypothesized
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AP bits, with a specified level of confidence. Successful AP decodes
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AP bits, with a specified level of confidence. Successful AP decodes
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are labeled with an end-of-line indicator of the form `aP`, where `P`
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are labeled with an end-of-line indicator of the form `aP`, where `P`
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is one of the single-digit AP decoding types listed in Table 1. For
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is one of the single-digit AP decoding types listed in Table 1. For
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example, `a2` indicates that the successful decode used *MyCall* as
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example, `a2` indicates that the successful decode used MyCall as
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hypothetically known information.
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hypothetically known information.
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[[FT8_AP_INFO_TABLE]]
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[[FT8_AP_INFO_TABLE]]
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.FT4 and FT8 AP information types
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.FT4 and FT8 AP information types
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[width="50%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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[width="35%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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|===============================================
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|===============================================
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|aP | Message components
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|aP | Message components
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|a1 | CQ     ?     ?
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|a1 | CQ     ?     ?
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@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ be attempted in each state.
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[[FT8_AP_DECODING_TYPES_TABLE]]
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[[FT8_AP_DECODING_TYPES_TABLE]]
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.FT4 and FT8 AP decoding types for each QSO state
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.FT4 and FT8 AP decoding types for each QSO state
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[width="50%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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[width="35%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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|===========================================
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|===========================================
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|State |AP type
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|State |AP type
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|CALLING STN | 2, 3
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|CALLING STN | 2, 3
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@ -60,14 +62,12 @@ be attempted in each state.
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|CALLING CQ | 1, 2
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|CALLING CQ | 1, 2
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|===========================================
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|===========================================
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Decoding with _a priori_ information behaves slightly differently in
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Decoding with _a priori_ information behaves slightly differently
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JT65. Some details are provided in Tables 3 and 4. Notations such as
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in JT65. Some details are provided in Tables 3 and 4.
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`a63`, use a second digit to indicate the number of Rx intervals
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averaged to obtain the decode.
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[[JT65_AP_INFO_TABLE]]
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[[JT65_AP_INFO_TABLE]]
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.JT65 AP information types
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.JT65 AP information types
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[width="50%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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[width="35%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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|===============================================
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|===============================================
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|aP | Message components
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|aP | Message components
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|a1 | CQ     ?     ?
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|a1 | CQ     ?     ?
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@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ averaged to obtain the decode.
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[[JT65_AP_DECODING_TYPES_TABLE]]
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[[JT65_AP_DECODING_TYPES_TABLE]]
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.JT65 AP decoding types for each QSO state
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.JT65 AP decoding types for each QSO state
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[width="50%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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[width="35%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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|===========================================
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|===========================================
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|State |AP type
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|State |AP type
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|CALLING STN | 2, 3, 6, 7
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|CALLING STN | 2, 3, 6, 7
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@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ averaged to obtain the decode.
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|===========================================
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|===========================================
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[[Decoded_Lines]]
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=== Decoded Lines
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=== Decoded Lines
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Displayed information accompanying decoded messages generally includes UTC,
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Displayed information accompanying decoded messages generally includes UTC,
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@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ summarized in the following Table:
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[width="50%",cols="h,3*^",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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[width="50%",cols="h,3*^",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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|===========================================
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|===========================================
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|Mode |Mode character|Sync character|End of line information
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|Mode |Mode character|Sync character|End of line information
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|FT4 | + | | ?   aP
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|FT4 | ~ | | ?   aP
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|FT8 | ~ | | ?   aP
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|FT8 | ~ | | ?   aP
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|JT4 | $ | *, # | f, fN, dCN
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|JT4 | $ | *, # | f, fN, dCN
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|JT9 | @ | |
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|JT9 | @ | |
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@ -126,10 +125,12 @@ Sync character::
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End of line information::
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End of line information::
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`?` - Decoded with lower confidence +
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`?` - Decoded with lower confidence +
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`a` - Decoded with aid of some a priori (AP) information +
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`a` - Decoded with aid of some _a priori_ (AP) information +
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`C` - Confidence indicator [ISCAT and Deep Search; (0-9,*)] +
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`C` - Confidence indicator [ISCAT and Deep Search; (0-9,*)] +
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`d` - Deep Search algorithm +
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`d` - Deep Search algorithm +
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`E` - Size of MSK eye diagram opening - if negative, the eye is closed +
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`f` - Franke-Taylor or Fano algorithm +
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`f` - Franke-Taylor or Fano algorithm +
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`H` - Number of bit errors corrected +
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`M` - Message length (characters) +
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`M` - Message length (characters) +
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`N` - Number of Rx intervals or frames averaged +
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`N` - Number of Rx intervals or frames averaged +
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`P` - Number indicating type of AP information (Table 1, above) +
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`P` - Number indicating type of AP information (Table 1, above) +
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@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ Table 6 below shows the meaning of the return codes R in QRA64 mode.
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[[QRA64_AP_INFO_TABLE]]
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[[QRA64_AP_INFO_TABLE]]
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.QRA64 AP return codes
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.QRA64 AP return codes
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[width="50%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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[width="35%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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|===============================================
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|===============================================
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|rc | Message components
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|rc | Message components
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|0 | ?     ?     ?
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|0 | ?     ?     ?
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