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README
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README
@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
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Copyright (C) 2001 - 2021 by Joe Taylor, K1JT.
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WSJT-X Version 2.3 offers ten different protocols or modes: FT4, FT8,
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JT4, JT9, JT65, Q65, FST4, MSK144, WSPR, FST4W, and Echo. The first
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seven are designed for making reliable QSOs under weak-signal
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WSJT-X Version 2.5 offers eleven different protocols or modes: FT4,
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FT8, JT4, JT9, JT65, Q65, FST4, MSK144, WSPR, FST4W, and Echo. The
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first seven are designed for making reliable QSOs under weak-signal
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conditions. They use nearly identical message structure and source
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encoding. JT65 and Q65 were designed for EME (“moonbounce”), but not
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limited to just that propagation path, on the VHF/UHF bands and JT65
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@ -4,41 +4,50 @@ the program name stand for `(W)eak (S)ignal communication by K1(JT),`
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while the suffix `-X` indicates that WSJT-X started as an extended and
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experimental branch of the program WSJT.
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.
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WSJT-X Version 2.0 offers twelve different protocols or modes: FST4,
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FST4W, FT4, FT8, JT4, JT9, JT65, QRA64, ISCAT, MSK144, WSPR, and Echo.
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The first eight are designed for making reliable QSOs under extreme
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weak-signal conditions. They use nearly identical message structure
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and source encoding. JT65 and QRA64 were designed for EME
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(`moonbounce`) on the VHF/UHF bands and have also proven very
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effective for worldwide QRP communication on the HF bands. QRA64 has
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a number of advantages over JT65, including better performance on the
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very weakest signals. We imagine that over time it may replace JT65
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for EME use. JT9 was originally designed for the LF, MF, and lower HF
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bands. Its submode JT9A is 2 dB more sensitive than JT65 while using
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less than 10% of the bandwidth. FST4, and its quasi-beacon companion
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mode FST4W (see below), are designed for LF and MF and offer
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significant advantages over JT9 and WSPR on those bands. JT4 offers a
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wide variety of tone spacings and has proven highly effective for EME
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on microwave bands up to 24 GHz. These four `slow` modes use
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one-minute timed sequences of alternating transmission and reception,
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so a minimal QSO takes four to six minutes — two or three
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transmissions by each station, one sending in odd UTC minutes and the
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other even. FT8 is operationally similar but four times faster
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(15-second T/R sequences) and less sensitive by a few dB. On the HF
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bands, world-wide QSOs are possible with any of these modes using
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power levels of a few watts (or even milliwatts) and compromise
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antennas. On VHF bands and higher, QSOs are possible (by EME and
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other propagation types) at signal levels 10 to 15 dB below those
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required for CW.
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WSJT-X Version 2.5 offers eleven different protocols or modes: FT4,
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FT8, JT4, JT9, JT65, Q65, FST4, MSK144, WSPR, FST4W, and Echo. The
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first seven are designed for making reliable QSOs under weak-signal
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conditions. They use nearly identical message structure and source
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encoding. JT65 and Q65 were designed for EME (“moonbounce”), but not
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limited to just that propagation path, on the VHF/UHF bands and JT65
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has also proven very effective for worldwide QRP communication on the
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HF bands. Q65 has a number of advantages over JT65, including better
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performance on the very weakest signals and variants with different
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T/R period lengths. We imagine that over time it may replace JT65 for
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EME use, it has also proved to be very effective for iono-scatter
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paths on 6m. JT9 was originally designed for the LF, MF, and lower HF
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bands. Its submode JT9A is 2 dB more sensitive than JT65 while using
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less than 10% of the bandwidth. JT4 offers a wide variety of tone
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spacings and has proven highly effective for EME on microwave bands up
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to 24 GHz. These four “slow” modes use one-minute timed sequences of
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alternating transmission and reception, so a minimal QSO takes four to
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six minutes — two or three transmissions by each station, one sending
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in odd UTC minutes and the other even. FT8 is operationally similar
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but four times faster (15-second T/R sequences) and less sensitive by
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a few dB. FT4 is faster still (7.5 s T/R sequences) and especially
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well suited for radio contesting. On the HF bands, world-wide QSOs are
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possible with any of these modes using power levels of a few watts (or
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even milliwatts) and compromise antennas. QSOs are possible at signal
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levels 10 to 15 dB below those required for CW. FST4 has similarities
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in use to JT9 but offers more flexibility as it offers different
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period lengths allowing QSO completion time to be traded off against
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sensitivity. In its base form of FST4-60A it has better sensitivity
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than JT9A and should be considered as an upgrade where JT9 has been
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the preferred slow QSO mode.
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.
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ISCAT, MSK144, and optionally submodes JT9E-H are `fast` protocols
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designed to take advantage of brief signal enhancements from ionized
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meteor trails, aircraft scatter, and other types of scatter
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Note that even though their T/R sequences are short, FT4 and FT8 are
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classified as slow modes because their message frames are sent only
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once per transmission. All fast modes in WSJT-X send their message
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frames repeatedly, as many times as will fit into the Tx sequence
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length.
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.
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MSK144, and optionally submodes JT9E-H are `fast` protocols designed
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to take advantage of brief signal enhancements from ionized meteor
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trails, aircraft scatter, and other types of scatter
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propagation. These modes use timed sequences of 5, 10, 15, or 30 s
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duration. User messages are transmitted repeatedly at high rate (up
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to 250 characters per second, for MSK144) to make good use of the
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shortest meteor-trail reflections or `pings`. ISCAT uses free-form
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messages up to 28 characters long, while MSK144 uses the same
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shortest meteor-trail reflections or `pings`. MSK144 uses the same
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structured messages as the slow modes and optionally an abbreviated
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format with hashed callsigns.
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.
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@ -54,6 +63,11 @@ archival storage, and many other features. WSPR has a new companion
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FST4W which has a similar message content but offers up to 30 minute
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transmission periods for greater sensitivity on LF and MF.
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.
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FST4W, like WSPR, is a quasi-beacon mode, it targets LF and MF bands
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and offers a number of T/R periods form 2 minutes up to 30 minutes for
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the most challenging weak signal paths. Similarly to WSPR reception
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reports can be automatically uploaded to the WSPRnet.org web service.
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.
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Echo mode allows you to detect and measure your own station's echoes
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from the moon, even if they are far below the audible threshold.
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.
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