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@ -227,19 +227,19 @@ For details see Table 3, below.
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Standard MSK144 messages are structured in the same way as those in
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the slow modes, with a 72 bits of user information. Forward error
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correction is implemented by first augmenting the 72 message bits with
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an 8-bit CRC calculated from the message bits. The CRC is used to
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detect and eliminate most false decodes at the receiver. The resulting
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80-bit augmented message is mapped to a 128-bit codeword using a
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(128,80) binary low-density-parity-check (LDPC) code designed by K9AN
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specifically for this purpose. Two 8-bit synchronizing sequences are
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added to make a message frame 144 bits long. Modulation is Offset
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Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (OQPSK) at 2000 baud. Even-numbered bits
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are conveyed over the in-phase channel, odd-numbered bits on the
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quadrature channel. Individual symbols are shaped with half-sine
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profiles, thereby ensuring a generated waveform with constant
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envelope, equivalent to a Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) waveform. Frame
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duration is 72 ms, so the effective character transmission rate for
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standard messages is up to 250 cps.
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an 8-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) calculated from the message
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bits. The CRC is used to detect and eliminate most false decodes at
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the receiver. The resulting 80-bit augmented message is mapped to a
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128-bit codeword using a (128,80) binary low-density-parity-check
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(LDPC) code designed by K9AN specifically for this purpose. Two 8-bit
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synchronizing sequences are added to make a message frame 144 bits
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long. Modulation is Offset Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (OQPSK) at
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2000 baud. Even-numbered bits are conveyed over the in-phase channel,
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odd-numbered bits on the quadrature channel. Individual symbols are
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shaped with half-sine profiles, thereby ensuring a generated waveform
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with constant envelope, equivalent to a Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)
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waveform. Frame duration is 72 ms, so the effective character
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transmission rate for standard messages is up to 250 cps.
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MSK144 also supports short-form messages that can be used after QSO
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partners have exchanged both callsigns. Short messages consist of 4
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