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WSJT-X/Network/NetworkMessage.hpp

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#ifndef NETWORK_MESSAGE_HPP__
#define NETWORK_MESSAGE_HPP__
/*
* WSJT-X Message Formats
* ======================
*
* All messages are written or read using the QDataStream derivatives
* defined below, note that we are using the default for floating
* point precision which means all are double precision i.e. 64-bit
* IEEE format.
*
* Message is big endian format
*
* Header format:
*
* 32-bit unsigned integer magic number 0xadbccbda
* 32-bit unsigned integer schema number
*
* Payload format:
*
* As per the QDataStream format, see below for version used and
* here:
*
* http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/datastreamformat.html
*
* for the serialization details for each type, at the time of
* writing the above document is for Qt_5_0 format which is buggy
* so we use Qt_5_4 format, differences are:
*
* QDateTime:
* QDate qint64 Julian day number
* QTime quint32 Milli-seconds since midnight
* timespec quint8 0=local, 1=UTC, 2=Offset from UTC
* (seconds)
* 3=time zone
* offset qint32 only present if timespec=2
* timezone several-fields only present if timespec=3
*
* we will avoid using QDateTime fields with time zones for
* simplicity.
*
* Type utf8 is a utf-8 byte string formatted as a QByteArray for
* serialization purposes (currently a quint32 size followed by size
* bytes, no terminator is present or counted).
*
* The QDataStream format document linked above is not complete for
* the QByteArray serialization format, it is similar to the QString
* serialization format in that it differentiates between empty
* strings and null strings. Empty strings have a length of zero
* whereas null strings have a length field of 0xffffffff.
*
*
* Schema Negotiation
* ------------------
*
* The NetworkMessage::Builder class specifies a schema number which
* may be incremented from time to time. It represents a version of
* the underlying encoding schemes used to store data items. Since the
* underlying encoding is defined by the Qt project in it's
* QDataStream stream operators, it is essential that clients and
* servers of this protocol can agree on a common scheme. The
* NetworkMessage utility classes below exchange the schema number
* actually used. The handling of the schema is backwards compatible
* to an extent, so long as clients and servers are written
* correctly. For example a server written to any particular schema
* version can communicate with a client written to a later schema.
*
* Schema Version 1:- this schema used the QDataStream::Qt_5_0 version
* which is broken.
*
* Schema Version 2:- this schema uses the QDataStream::Qt_5_2 version.
*
* Schema Version 3:- this schema uses the QDataStream::Qt_5_4 version.
*
*
* Backward Compatibility
* ----------------------
*
* It is important that applications developed at different times
* remain compatible with this protocol and with older or newer
* versions of WSJT-X. This is achieved by both third-party
* applications and WSJT-X honouring two basic rules.
*
* 1. New message types may be added to the protocol in the future,
* third-party applications and WSJT-X shall ignore silently any
* message types they do not recognize.
*
* 2. New fields may be added to existing message types, they will
* always be added to the end of the existing fields and the number
* and type of existing fields shall not change. If a field type
* must be changed; a new field will be added and the existing
* field will remain. The originator of such a message shall
* populate both the new and old field with reasonable
* values. Third-party applications and WSJT-X shall ignore
* silently any extra data received in datagrams after the fields
* they know about.
*
* Note that these rules are unrelated to the schema number above
* whose purpose is to distinguish between non-compatible encodings of
* field data types. New message types and extra fields in existing
* messages can and will be added without any change in schema number.
*
*
* Message Types
* -------------
*
* Message Direction Value Type
* ------------- --------- ---------------------- -----------
* Heartbeat Out/In 0 quint32
* Id (unique key) utf8
* Maximum schema number quint32
* version utf8
* revision utf8
*
* The heartbeat message shall be sent on a periodic basis every
* NetworkMessage::pulse seconds (see below), the WSJT-X
* application does that using the MessageClient class. This
* message is intended to be used by servers to detect the presence
* of a client and also the unexpected disappearance of a client
* and by clients to learn the schema negotiated by the server
* after it receives the initial heartbeat message from a client.
* The message_aggregator reference server does just that using the
* MessageServer class. Upon initial startup a client must send a
* heartbeat message as soon as is practical, this message is used
* to negotiate the maximum schema number common to the client and
* server. Note that the server may not be able to support the
* client's requested maximum schema number, in which case the
* first message received from the server will specify a lower
* schema number (never a higher one as that is not allowed). If a
* server replies with a lower schema number then no higher than
* that number shall be used for all further outgoing messages from
* either clients or the server itself.
*
* Note: the "Maximum schema number" field was introduced at the
* same time as schema 3, therefore servers and clients must assume
* schema 2 is the highest schema number supported if the Heartbeat
* message does not contain the "Maximum schema number" field.
*
*
* Status Out 1 quint32
* Id (unique key) utf8
* Dial Frequency (Hz) quint64
* Mode utf8
* DX call utf8
* Report utf8
* Tx Mode utf8
* Tx Enabled bool
* Transmitting bool
* Decoding bool
* Rx DF quint32
* Tx DF quint32
* DE call utf8
* DE grid utf8
* DX grid utf8
* Tx Watchdog bool
* Sub-mode utf8
* Fast mode bool
* Special Operation Mode quint8
* Frequency Tolerance quint32
* T/R Period quint32
* Configuration Name utf8
* Tx Message utf8
*
* WSJT-X sends this status message when various internal state
* changes to allow the server to track the relevant state of each
* client without the need for polling commands. The current state
* changes that generate status messages are:
*
* Application start up,
* "Enable Tx" button status changes,
* dial frequency changes,
* changes to the "DX Call" field,
* operating mode, sub-mode or fast mode changes,
* transmit mode changed (in dual JT9+JT65 mode),
* changes to the "Rpt" spinner,
* after an old decodes replay sequence (see Replay below),
* when switching between Tx and Rx mode,
* at the start and end of decoding,
* when the Rx DF changes,
* when the Tx DF changes,
* when settings are exited,
* when the DX call or grid changes,
* when the Tx watchdog is set or reset,
* when the frequency tolerance is changed,
* when the T/R period is changed,
* when the configuration name changes,
* when the message being transmitted changes.
*
* The Special operation mode is an enumeration that indicates the
* setting selected in the WSJT-X "Settings->Advanced->Special
* operating activity" panel. The values are as follows:
*
* 0 -> NONE
* 1 -> NA VHF
* 2 -> EU VHF
* 3 -> FIELD DAY
* 4 -> RTTY RU
* 5 -> WW DIGI
* 6 -> FOX
* 7 -> HOUND
*
* The Frequency Tolerance and T/R period fields may have a value
* of the maximum quint32 value which implies the field is not
* applicable.
*
*
* Decode Out 2 quint32
* Id (unique key) utf8
* New bool
* Time QTime
* snr qint32
* Delta time (S) float (serialized as double)
* Delta frequency (Hz) quint32
* Mode utf8
* Message utf8
* Low confidence bool
* Off air bool
*
* The decode message is sent when a new decode is completed, in
* this case the 'New' field is true. It is also used in response
* to a "Replay" message where each old decode in the "Band
* activity" window, that has not been erased, is sent in order
* as a one of these messages with the 'New' field set to false.
* See the "Replay" message below for details of usage. Low
* confidence decodes are flagged in protocols where the decoder
* has knows that a decode has a higher than normal probability
* of being false, they should not be reported on publicly
* accessible services without some attached warning or further
* validation. Off air decodes are those that result from playing
* back a .WAV file.
*
*
* Clear Out/In 3 quint32
* Id (unique key) utf8
* Window quint8 (In only)
*
* This message is send when all prior "Decode" messages in the
* "Band Activity" window have been discarded and therefore are
* no long available for actioning with a "Reply" message. It is
* sent when the user erases the "Band activity" window and when
* WSJT-X closes down normally. The server should discard all
* decode messages upon receipt of this message.
*
* It may also be sent to a WSJT-X instance in which case it
* clears one or both of the "Band Activity" and "Rx Frequency"
* windows. The Window argument can be one of the following
* values:
*
* 0 - clear the "Band Activity" window (default)
* 1 - clear the "Rx Frequency" window
* 2 - clear both "Band Activity" and "Rx Frequency" windows
*
*
* Reply In 4 quint32
* Id (target unique key) utf8
* Time QTime
* snr qint32
* Delta time (S) float (serialized as double)
* Delta frequency (Hz) quint32
* Mode utf8
* Message utf8
* Low confidence bool
* Modifiers quint8
*
* In order for a server to provide a useful cooperative service
* to WSJT-X it is possible for it to initiate a QSO by sending
* this message to a client. WSJT-X filters this message and only
* acts upon it if the message exactly describes a prior decode
* and that decode is a CQ or QRZ message. The action taken is
* exactly equivalent to the user double clicking the message in
* the "Band activity" window. The intent of this message is for
* servers to be able to provide an advanced look up of potential
* QSO partners, for example determining if they have been worked
* before or if working them may advance some objective like
* award progress. The intention is not to provide a secondary
* user interface for WSJT-X, it is expected that after QSO
* initiation the rest of the QSO is carried out manually using
* the normal WSJT-X user interface.
*
* The Modifiers field allows the equivalent of keyboard
* modifiers to be sent "as if" those modifier keys where pressed
* while double-clicking the specified decoded message. The
* modifier values (hexadecimal) are as follows:
*
* no modifier 0x00
* SHIFT 0x02
* CTRL 0x04 CMD on Mac
* ALT 0x08
* META 0x10 Windows key on MS Windows
* KEYPAD 0x20 Keypad or arrows
* Group switch 0x40 X11 only
*
*
* QSO Logged Out 5 quint32
* Id (unique key) utf8
* Date & Time Off QDateTime
* DX call utf8
* DX grid utf8
* Tx frequency (Hz) quint64
* Mode utf8
* Report sent utf8
* Report received utf8
* Tx power utf8
* Comments utf8
* Name utf8
* Date & Time On QDateTime
* Operator call utf8
* My call utf8
* My grid utf8
* Exchange sent utf8
* Exchange received utf8
* ADIF Propagation mode utf8
*
* The QSO logged message is sent to the server(s) when the
* WSJT-X user accepts the "Log QSO" dialog by clicking the "OK"
* button.
*
*
* Close Out/In 6 quint32
* Id (unique key) utf8
*
* Close is sent by a client immediately prior to it shutting
* down gracefully. When sent by a server it requests the target
* client to close down gracefully.
*
*
* Replay In 7 quint32
* Id (unique key) utf8
*
* When a server starts it may be useful for it to determine the
* state of preexisting clients. Sending this message to each
* client as it is discovered will cause that client (WSJT-X) to
* send a "Decode" message for each decode currently in its "Band
* activity" window. Each "Decode" message sent will have the
* "New" flag set to false so that they can be distinguished from
* new decodes. After all the old decodes have been broadcast a
* "Status" message is also broadcast. If the server wishes to
* determine the status of a newly discovered client; this
* message should be used.
*
*
* Halt Tx In 8
* Id (unique key) utf8
* Auto Tx Only bool
*
* The server may stop a client from transmitting messages either
* immediately or at the end of the current transmission period
* using this message.
*
*
* Free Text In 9
* Id (unique key) utf8
* Text utf8
* Send bool
*
* This message allows the server to set the current free text
* message content. Sending this message with a non-empty "Text"
* field is equivalent to typing a new message (old contents are
* discarded) in to the WSJT-X free text message field or "Tx5"
* field (both are updated) and if the "Send" flag is set then
* clicking the "Now" radio button for the "Tx5" field if tab one
* is current or clicking the "Free msg" radio button if tab two
* is current.
*
* It is the responsibility of the sender to limit the length of
* the message text and to limit it to legal message
* characters. Despite this, it may be difficult for the sender
* to determine the maximum message length without reimplementing
* the complete message encoding protocol. Because of this is may
* be better to allow any reasonable message length and to let
* the WSJT-X application encode and possibly truncate the actual
* on-air message.
*
* If the message text is empty the meaning of the message is
* refined to send the current free text unchanged when the
* "Send" flag is set or to clear the current free text when the
* "Send" flag is unset. Note that this API does not include a
* command to determine the contents of the current free text
* message.
*
*
* WSPRDecode Out 10 quint32
* Id (unique key) utf8
* New bool
* Time QTime
* snr qint32
* Delta time (S) float (serialized as double)
* Frequency (Hz) quint64
* Drift (Hz) qint32
* Callsign utf8
* Grid utf8
* Power (dBm) qint32
* Off air bool
*
* The decode message is sent when a new decode is completed, in
* this case the 'New' field is true. It is also used in response
* to a "Replay" message where each old decode in the "Band
* activity" window, that has not been erased, is sent in order
* as a one of these messages with the 'New' field set to
* false. See the "Replay" message below for details of
* usage. The off air field indicates that the decode was decoded
* from a played back recording.
*
*
* Location In 11
* Id (unique key) utf8
* Location utf8
*
* This message allows the server to set the current current
* geographical location of operation. The supplied location is
* not persistent but is used as a session lifetime replacement
* loction that overrides the Maidenhead grid locater set in the
* application settings. The intent is to allow an external
* application to update the operating location dynamically
* during a mobile period of operation.
*
* Currently only Maidenhead grid squares or sub-squares are
* accepted, i.e. 4- or 6-digit locators. Other formats may be
* accepted in future.
*
*
* Logged ADIF Out 12 quint32
* Id (unique key) utf8
* ADIF text utf8
*
* The logged ADIF message is sent to the server(s) when the
* WSJT-X user accepts the "Log QSO" dialog by clicking the "OK"
* button. The "ADIF text" field consists of a valid ADIF file
* such that the WSJT-X UDP header information is encapsulated
* into a valid ADIF header. E.g.:
*
* <magic-number><schema-number><type><id><32-bit-count> # binary encoded fields
* # the remainder is the contents of the ADIF text field
* <adif_ver:5>3.0.7
* <programid:6>WSJT-X
* <EOH>
* ADIF log data fields ...<EOR>
*
* Note that receiving applications can treat the whole message
* as a valid ADIF file with one record without special parsing.
*
*
* Highlight Callsign In 13 quint32
* Id (unique key) utf8
* Callsign utf8
* Background Color QColor
* Foreground Color QColor
* Highlight last bool
*
* The server may send this message at any time. The message
* specifies the background and foreground color that will be
* used to highlight the specified callsign in the decoded
* messages printed in the Band Activity panel. The WSJT-X
* clients maintain a list of such instructions and apply them to
* all decoded messages in the band activity window. To clear
* and cancel highlighting send an invalid QColor value for
* either or both of the background and foreground fields. When
* using this mode the total number of callsign highlighting
* requests should be limited otherwise the performance of WSJT-X
* decoding may be impacted. A rough rule of thumb might be too
* limit the number of active highlighting requests to no more
* than 100.
*
* The "Highlight last" field allows the sender to request that
* all instances of "Callsign" in the last period only, instead
* of all instances in all periods, be highlighted.
*
*
* SwitchConfiguration In 14 quint32
* Id (unique key) utf8
* Configuration Name utf8
*
* The server may send this message at any time. The message
* specifies the name of the configuration to switch to. The new
* configuration must exist.
*
*
* Configure In 15 quint32
* Id (unique key) utf8
* Mode utf8
* Frequency Tolerance quint32
* Submode utf8
* Fast Mode bool
* T/R Period quint32
* Rx DF quint32
* DX Call utf8
* DX Grid utf8
* Generate Messages bool
*
* The server may send this message at any time. The message
* specifies various configuration options. For utf8 string
* fields an empty value implies no change, for the quint32 Rx DF
* and Frequency Tolerance fields the maximum quint32 value
* implies no change. Invalid or unrecognized values will be
* silently ignored.
*/
#include <QDataStream>
#include "pimpl_h.hpp"
class QIODevice;
class QByteArray;
class QString;
namespace NetworkMessage
{
// NEVER DELETE MESSAGE TYPES
enum Type
{
Heartbeat,
Status,
Decode,
Clear,
Reply,
QSOLogged,
Close,
Replay,
HaltTx,
FreeText,
WSPRDecode,
Location,
LoggedADIF,
HighlightCallsign,
SwitchConfiguration,
Configure,
maximum_message_type_ // ONLY add new message types
// immediately before here
};
quint32 constexpr pulse {15}; // seconds
//
// NetworkMessage::Builder - build a message containing serialized Qt types
//
class Builder
: public QDataStream
{
public:
static quint32 constexpr magic {0xadbccbda}; // never change this
// increment this if a newer Qt schema is required and add decode
// logic to the Builder and Reader class implementations
#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK (5, 4, 0)
static quint32 constexpr schema_number {3};
#elif QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK (5, 2, 0)
static quint32 constexpr schema_number {2};
#else
// Schema 1 (Qt_5_0) is broken
#error "Qt version 5.2 or greater required"
#endif
explicit Builder (QIODevice *, Type, QString const& id, quint32 schema);
explicit Builder (QByteArray *, Type, QString const& id, quint32 schema);
Builder (Builder const&) = delete;
Builder& operator = (Builder const&) = delete;
private:
void common_initialization (Type type, QString const& id, quint32 schema);
};
//
// NetworkMessage::Reader - read a message containing serialized Qt types
//
// Message is as per NetworkMessage::Builder above, the schema()
// member may be used to determine the schema of the original
// message.
//
class Reader
: public QDataStream
{
public:
explicit Reader (QIODevice *);
explicit Reader (QByteArray const&);
Reader (Reader const&) = delete;
Reader& operator = (Reader const&) = delete;
~Reader ();
quint32 schema () const;
Type type () const;
QString id () const;
private:
class impl;
pimpl<impl> m_;
};
}
#endif
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