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159 lines
6.0 KiB
Plaintext
159 lines
6.0 KiB
Plaintext
[[AP_Decoding]]
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=== AP Decoding
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The _WSJT-X_ decoders for FT4, FT8, JT65, and QRA64 include optional
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procedures that take advantage of naturally accumulating information
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during a minimal QSO. This _a priori_ (AP) information increases
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sensitivity of the decoder by up to 4 dB, at the cost of a slightly
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higher rate of false decodes.
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For example: when you decide to answer a CQ, you already know your own
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callsign and that of your potential QSO partner. The software
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therefore "`knows`" what might be expected for at least 57 message
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bits (28 for each of two callsigns, 1 or more for message type) in the
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next received message. The decoder's task can thus be reduced to
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determining the remaining 15 bits of the message and ensuring that the
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resulting solution is consistent with the message's parity symbols.
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AP decoding starts by setting AP bits to the hypothesized values, as
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if they had been received correctly. We then determine whether the
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remaining message and parity bits are consistent with the hypothesized
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AP bits, with a specified level of confidence. Successful AP decodes
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are labeled with an end-of-line indicator of the form `aP`, where `P`
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is one of the single-digit AP decoding types listed in Table 1. For
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example, `a2` indicates that the successful decode used *MyCall* as
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hypothetically known information.
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[[FT8_AP_INFO_TABLE]]
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.FT4 and FT8 AP information types
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[width="35%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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|===============================================
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|aP | Message components
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|a1 | CQ     ?     ?
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|a2 | MyCall     ?     ?
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|a3 | MyCall DxCall     ?
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|a4 | MyCall DxCall RRR
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|a5 | MyCall DxCall 73
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|a6 | MyCall DxCall RR73
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|===============================================
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If a codeword is found that is judged to have high (but not
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overwhelmingly high) probability of being correct, a `?` character is
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appended when the decoded message is displayed. To avoid misleading
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spots of occasional false decodes, messages so marked are not
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forwarded to {pskreporter}.
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Table 2 lists the six possible QSO states that are tracked by the
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_WSJT-X_ auto-sequencer, along with the type of AP decoding that would
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be attempted in each state.
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[[FT8_AP_DECODING_TYPES_TABLE]]
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.FT4 and FT8 AP decoding types for each QSO state
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[width="35%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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|===========================================
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|State |AP type
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|CALLING STN | 2, 3
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|REPORT | 2, 3
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|ROGER_REPORT | 3, 4, 5, 6
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|ROGERS | 3, 4, 5, 6
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|SIGNOFF | 3, 1, 2
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|CALLING CQ | 1, 2
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|===========================================
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Decoding with _a priori_ information behaves slightly differently in
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JT65. Some details are provided in Tables 3 and 4. Notations such as
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`a63`, use a second digit to indicate the number of Rx intervals
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averaged to obtain the decode.
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[[JT65_AP_INFO_TABLE]]
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.JT65 AP information types
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[width="35%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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|===============================================
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|aP | Message components
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|a1 | CQ     ?     ?
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|a2 | MyCall     ?     ?
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|a3 | MyCall DxCall     ?
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|a4 | MyCall DxCall RRR
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|a5 | MyCall DxCall 73
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|a6 | MyCall DxCall DxGrid
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|a7 | CQ DxCall DxGrid
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|===============================================
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[[JT65_AP_DECODING_TYPES_TABLE]]
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.JT65 AP decoding types for each QSO state
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[width="35%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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|===========================================
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|State |AP type
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|CALLING STN | 2, 3, 6, 7
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|REPORT | 2, 3
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|ROGER_REPORT | 3, 4, 5
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|ROGERS | 3, 4, 5
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|SIGNOFF | 2, 3, 4, 5
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|CALLING CQ | 1, 2, 6
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|===========================================
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[[Decoded_Lines]]
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=== Decoded Lines
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Displayed information accompanying decoded messages generally includes UTC,
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signal-to-noise ratio in dB, time offset DT in seconds, and
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audio frequency in Hz. Some modes include additional information such
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as frequency offset from nominal (DF), frequency drift (Drift or F1),
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or distance (km or mi).
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There may also be some cryptic characters with special meanings
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summarized in the following Table:
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[[DECODED_LINES_TABLE]]
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.Notations used on decoded text lines
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[width="50%",cols="h,3*^",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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|===========================================
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|Mode |Mode character|Sync character|End of line information
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|FT4 | + | | ?   aP
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|FT8 | ~ | | ?   aP
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|JT4 | $ | *, # | f, fN, dCN
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|JT9 | @ | |
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|JT65 | # | |
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|JT65 VHF| # | *, # | f, fN, dCN
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|QRA64 | : | * | R
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|ISCAT | | * | M N C T
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|MSK144 | & | |
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|===========================================
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Sync character::
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`*` - Normal sync +
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`#` - Alternate sync
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End of line information::
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`?` - Decoded with lower confidence +
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`a` - Decoded with aid of some a priori (AP) information +
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`C` - Confidence indicator [ISCAT and Deep Search; (0-9,*)] +
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`d` - Deep Search algorithm +
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`f` - Franke-Taylor or Fano algorithm +
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`M` - Message length (characters) +
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`N` - Number of Rx intervals or frames averaged +
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`P` - Number indicating type of AP information (Table 1, above) +
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`R` - Return code from QRA64 decoder +
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`T` - Length of analyzed region (s)
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Table 6 below shows the meaning of the return codes R in QRA64 mode.
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[[QRA64_AP_INFO_TABLE]]
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.QRA64 AP return codes
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[width="35%",cols="h10,<m20",frame=topbot,options="header"]
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|===============================================
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|rc | Message components
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|0 | ?     ?     ?
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|1 | CQ     ?     ?
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|2 | CQ     ?
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|3 | MyCall     ?     ?
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|4 | MyCall     ?
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|5 | MyCall DxCall     ?
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|6 | ?     DxCall     ?
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|7 | ?     DxCall
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|8 | MyCall DxCall DxGrid
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|9 | CQ DxCall     ?
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|10 | CQ DxCall
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|11 | CQ DxCall DxGrid
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|===============================================
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