838 lines
34 KiB
Groff
838 lines
34 KiB
Groff
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "OPENSSL-CA 1"
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.TH OPENSSL-CA 1 "2020-03-02" "3.0.0-dev" "OpenSSL"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
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openssl\-ca \- sample minimal CA application
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBca\fR
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[\fB\-help\fR]
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[\fB\-verbose\fR]
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[\fB\-config\fR \fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-name\fR \fIsection\fR]
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[\fB\-gencrl\fR]
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[\fB\-revoke\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-valid\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-status\fR \fIserial\fR]
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[\fB\-updatedb\fR]
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[\fB\-crl_reason\fR \fIreason\fR]
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[\fB\-crl_hold\fR \fIinstruction\fR]
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[\fB\-crl_compromise\fR \fItime\fR]
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[\fB\-crl_CA_compromise\fR \fItime\fR]
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[\fB\-crldays\fR \fIdays\fR]
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[\fB\-crlhours\fR \fIhours\fR]
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[\fB\-crlsec\fR \fIseconds\fR]
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[\fB\-crlexts\fR \fIsection\fR]
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[\fB\-startdate\fR \fIdate\fR]
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[\fB\-enddate\fR \fIdate\fR]
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[\fB\-days\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-md\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-policy\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-keyfile\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-keyform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR]
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[\fB\-key\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-passin\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-cert\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-selfsign\fR]
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[\fB\-in\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-out\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-notext\fR]
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[\fB\-outdir\fR \fIdir\fR]
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[\fB\-infiles\fR]
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[\fB\-spkac\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-ss_cert\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-preserveDN\fR]
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[\fB\-noemailDN\fR]
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[\fB\-batch\fR]
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[\fB\-msie_hack\fR]
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[\fB\-extensions\fR \fIsection\fR]
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[\fB\-extfile\fR \fIsection\fR]
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[\fB\-subj\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-utf8\fR]
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[\fB\-sigopt\fR \fInm\fR:\fIv\fR]
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[\fB\-create_serial\fR]
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[\fB\-rand_serial\fR]
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[\fB\-multivalue\-rdn\fR]
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[\fB\-sm2\-id\fR \fIstring\fR]
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[\fB\-sm2\-hex\-id\fR \fIhex-string\fR]
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[\fB\-rand\fR \fIfiles\fR]
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[\fB\-writerand\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR]
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[\fIcertreq\fR...]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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This command is a minimal \s-1CA\s0 application. It can be used
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to sign certificate requests in a variety of forms and generate
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CRLs. It also maintains a text database of issued certificates
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and their status.
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When signing certificates, a single certificate request can be specified
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with the \fB\-in\fR option, or multiple requests can be processed by
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specifying a set of \fBcertreq\fR files after all options.
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.PP
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The options descriptions will be divided into each purpose.
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.SH "OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "OPTIONS"
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.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-help"
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Print out a usage message.
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.IP "\fB\-verbose\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-verbose"
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This prints extra details about the operations being performed.
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.IP "\fB\-config\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-config filename"
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Specifies the configuration file to use.
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Optional; for a description of the default value,
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see \*(L"\s-1COMMAND\s0 \s-1SUMMARY\s0\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
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.IP "\fB\-name\fR \fIsection\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-name section"
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Specifies the configuration file section to use (overrides
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\&\fBdefault_ca\fR in the \fBca\fR section).
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.IP "\fB\-in\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-in filename"
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An input filename containing a single certificate request to be
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signed by the \s-1CA\s0.
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.IP "\fB\-ss_cert\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-ss_cert filename"
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A single self-signed certificate to be signed by the \s-1CA\s0.
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.IP "\fB\-spkac\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-spkac filename"
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A file containing a single Netscape signed public key and challenge
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and additional field values to be signed by the \s-1CA\s0. See the \fB\s-1SPKAC\s0 \s-1FORMAT\s0\fR
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section for information on the required input and output format.
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.IP "\fB\-infiles\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-infiles"
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If present this should be the last option, all subsequent arguments
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are taken as the names of files containing certificate requests.
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.IP "\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-out filename"
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The output file to output certificates to. The default is standard
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output. The certificate details will also be printed out to this
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file in \s-1PEM\s0 format (except that \fB\-spkac\fR outputs \s-1DER\s0 format).
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.IP "\fB\-outdir\fR \fIdirectory\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-outdir directory"
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The directory to output certificates to. The certificate will be
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written to a filename consisting of the serial number in hex with
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\&\fI.pem\fR appended.
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.IP "\fB\-cert\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-cert"
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The \s-1CA\s0 certificate file.
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.IP "\fB\-keyfile\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-keyfile filename"
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The private key to sign requests with.
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.IP "\fB\-keyform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-keyform DER|PEM"
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The format of the private key file; the default is \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR.
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See \*(L"Format Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1) for details.
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.IP "\fB\-sigopt\fR \fInm\fR:\fIv\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-sigopt nm:v"
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Pass options to the signature algorithm during sign or verify operations.
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Names and values of these options are algorithm-specific.
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.IP "\fB\-key\fR \fIpassword\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-key password"
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The password used to encrypt the private key. Since on some
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systems the command line arguments are visible (e.g. Unix with
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the \fIps\fR\|(1) utility) this option should be used with caution.
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.IP "\fB\-selfsign\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-selfsign"
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Indicates the issued certificates are to be signed with the key
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the certificate requests were signed with (given with \fB\-keyfile\fR).
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Certificate requests signed with a different key are ignored. If
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\&\fB\-spkac\fR, \fB\-ss_cert\fR or \fB\-gencrl\fR are given, \fB\-selfsign\fR is
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ignored.
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.Sp
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A consequence of using \fB\-selfsign\fR is that the self-signed
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certificate appears among the entries in the certificate database
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(see the configuration option \fBdatabase\fR), and uses the same
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serial number counter as all other certificates sign with the
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self-signed certificate.
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.IP "\fB\-passin\fR \fIarg\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-passin arg"
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The key password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
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see \*(L"Pass Phrase Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
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.IP "\fB\-notext\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-notext"
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Don't output the text form of a certificate to the output file.
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.IP "\fB\-startdate\fR \fIdate\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-startdate date"
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This allows the start date to be explicitly set. The format of the
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date is \s-1YYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0 (the same as an \s-1ASN1\s0 UTCTime structure), or
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\&\s-1YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0 (the same as an \s-1ASN1\s0 GeneralizedTime structure). In
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both formats, seconds \s-1SS\s0 and timezone Z must be present.
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.IP "\fB\-enddate\fR \fIdate\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-enddate date"
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This allows the expiry date to be explicitly set. The format of the
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date is \s-1YYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0 (the same as an \s-1ASN1\s0 UTCTime structure), or
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\&\s-1YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0 (the same as an \s-1ASN1\s0 GeneralizedTime structure). In
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both formats, seconds \s-1SS\s0 and timezone Z must be present.
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.IP "\fB\-days\fR \fIarg\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-days arg"
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The number of days to certify the certificate for.
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.IP "\fB\-md\fR \fIalg\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-md alg"
|
||
|
|
The message digest to use.
|
||
|
|
Any digest supported by the \fIopenssl\-dgst\fR\|(1) command can be used. For signing
|
||
|
|
algorithms that do not support a digest (i.e. Ed25519 and Ed448) any message
|
||
|
|
digest that is set is ignored. This option also applies to CRLs.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-policy\fR \fIarg\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-policy arg"
|
||
|
|
This option defines the \s-1CA\s0 \*(L"policy\*(R" to use. This is a section in
|
||
|
|
the configuration file which decides which fields should be mandatory
|
||
|
|
or match the \s-1CA\s0 certificate. Check out the \fB\s-1POLICY\s0 \s-1FORMAT\s0\fR section
|
||
|
|
for more information.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-msie_hack\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-msie_hack"
|
||
|
|
This is a deprecated option to make this command work with very old versions
|
||
|
|
of the \s-1IE\s0 certificate enrollment control \*(L"certenr3\*(R". It used UniversalStrings
|
||
|
|
for almost everything. Since the old control has various security bugs
|
||
|
|
its use is strongly discouraged.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-preserveDN\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-preserveDN"
|
||
|
|
Normally the \s-1DN\s0 order of a certificate is the same as the order of the
|
||
|
|
fields in the relevant policy section. When this option is set the order
|
||
|
|
is the same as the request. This is largely for compatibility with the
|
||
|
|
older \s-1IE\s0 enrollment control which would only accept certificates if their
|
||
|
|
DNs match the order of the request. This is not needed for Xenroll.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-noemailDN\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-noemailDN"
|
||
|
|
The \s-1DN\s0 of a certificate can contain the \s-1EMAIL\s0 field if present in the
|
||
|
|
request \s-1DN\s0, however it is good policy just having the e\-mail set into
|
||
|
|
the altName extension of the certificate. When this option is set the
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1EMAIL\s0 field is removed from the certificate' subject and set only in
|
||
|
|
the, eventually present, extensions. The \fBemail_in_dn\fR keyword can be
|
||
|
|
used in the configuration file to enable this behaviour.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-batch\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-batch"
|
||
|
|
This sets the batch mode. In this mode no questions will be asked
|
||
|
|
and all certificates will be certified automatically.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-extensions\fR \fIsection\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-extensions section"
|
||
|
|
The section of the configuration file containing certificate extensions
|
||
|
|
to be added when a certificate is issued (defaults to \fBx509_extensions\fR
|
||
|
|
unless the \fB\-extfile\fR option is used). If no extension section is
|
||
|
|
present then, a V1 certificate is created. If the extension section
|
||
|
|
is present (even if it is empty), then a V3 certificate is created. See the
|
||
|
|
\&\fIx509v3_config\fR\|(5) manual page for details of the
|
||
|
|
extension section format.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-extfile\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-extfile file"
|
||
|
|
An additional configuration file to read certificate extensions from
|
||
|
|
(using the default section unless the \fB\-extensions\fR option is also
|
||
|
|
used).
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-subj\fR \fIarg\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-subj arg"
|
||
|
|
Supersedes subject name given in the request.
|
||
|
|
The arg must be formatted as \f(CW\*(C`/type0=value0/type1=value1/type2=...\*(C'\fR.
|
||
|
|
Keyword characters may be escaped by \f(CW\*(C`\e\*(C'\fR (backslash), and whitespace is
|
||
|
|
retained.
|
||
|
|
Empty values are permitted, but the corresponding type will not be included
|
||
|
|
in the resulting certificate.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-utf8\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-utf8"
|
||
|
|
This option causes field values to be interpreted as \s-1UTF8\s0 strings, by
|
||
|
|
default they are interpreted as \s-1ASCII\s0. This means that the field
|
||
|
|
values, whether prompted from a terminal or obtained from a
|
||
|
|
configuration file, must be valid \s-1UTF8\s0 strings.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-create_serial\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-create_serial"
|
||
|
|
If reading serial from the text file as specified in the configuration
|
||
|
|
fails, specifying this option creates a new random serial to be used as next
|
||
|
|
serial number.
|
||
|
|
To get random serial numbers, use the \fB\-rand_serial\fR flag instead; this
|
||
|
|
should only be used for simple error-recovery.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-rand_serial\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-rand_serial"
|
||
|
|
Generate a large random number to use as the serial number.
|
||
|
|
This overrides any option or configuration to use a serial number file.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-multivalue\-rdn\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-multivalue-rdn"
|
||
|
|
This option causes the \-subj argument to be interpreted with full
|
||
|
|
support for multivalued RDNs. Example:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`/DC=org/DC=OpenSSL/DC=users/UID=123456+CN=John Doe\*(C'\fR
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
If \fB\-multi\-rdn\fR is not used then the \s-1UID\s0 value is \f(CW\*(C`123456+CN=John Doe\*(C'\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-sm2\-id\fR \fIstring\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-sm2-id string"
|
||
|
|
Specify the \s-1ID\s0 string to use when verifying an \s-1SM2\s0 certificate. The \s-1ID\s0 string is
|
||
|
|
required by the \s-1SM2\s0 signature algorithm for signing and verification.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-sm2\-hex\-id\fR \fIhex-string\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-sm2-hex-id hex-string"
|
||
|
|
Specify a binary \s-1ID\s0 string to use when signing or verifying using an \s-1SM2\s0
|
||
|
|
certificate. The argument for this option is string of hexadecimal digits.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-rand\fR \fIfiles\fR, \fB\-writerand\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-rand files, -writerand file"
|
||
|
|
See \*(L"Random State Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1) for details.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-engine id"
|
||
|
|
See \*(L"Engine Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
|
||
|
|
.SH "CRL OPTIONS"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "CRL OPTIONS"
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-gencrl\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-gencrl"
|
||
|
|
This option generates a \s-1CRL\s0 based on information in the index file.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-crldays\fR \fInum\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-crldays num"
|
||
|
|
The number of days before the next \s-1CRL\s0 is due. That is the days from
|
||
|
|
now to place in the \s-1CRL\s0 nextUpdate field.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-crlhours\fR \fInum\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-crlhours num"
|
||
|
|
The number of hours before the next \s-1CRL\s0 is due.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-crlsec\fR \fInum\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-crlsec num"
|
||
|
|
The number of seconds before the next \s-1CRL\s0 is due.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-revoke\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-revoke filename"
|
||
|
|
A filename containing a certificate to revoke.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-valid\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-valid filename"
|
||
|
|
A filename containing a certificate to add a Valid certificate entry.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-status\fR \fIserial\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-status serial"
|
||
|
|
Displays the revocation status of the certificate with the specified
|
||
|
|
serial number and exits.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-updatedb\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-updatedb"
|
||
|
|
Updates the database index to purge expired certificates.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-crl_reason\fR \fIreason\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-crl_reason reason"
|
||
|
|
Revocation reason, where \fIreason\fR is one of: \fBunspecified\fR, \fBkeyCompromise\fR,
|
||
|
|
\&\fBCACompromise\fR, \fBaffiliationChanged\fR, \fBsuperseded\fR, \fBcessationOfOperation\fR,
|
||
|
|
\&\fBcertificateHold\fR or \fBremoveFromCRL\fR. The matching of \fIreason\fR is case
|
||
|
|
insensitive. Setting any revocation reason will make the \s-1CRL\s0 v2.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
In practice \fBremoveFromCRL\fR is not particularly useful because it is only used
|
||
|
|
in delta CRLs which are not currently implemented.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-crl_hold\fR \fIinstruction\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-crl_hold instruction"
|
||
|
|
This sets the \s-1CRL\s0 revocation reason code to \fBcertificateHold\fR and the hold
|
||
|
|
instruction to \fIinstruction\fR which must be an \s-1OID\s0. Although any \s-1OID\s0 can be
|
||
|
|
used only \fBholdInstructionNone\fR (the use of which is discouraged by \s-1RFC2459\s0)
|
||
|
|
\&\fBholdInstructionCallIssuer\fR or \fBholdInstructionReject\fR will normally be used.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-crl_compromise\fR \fItime\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-crl_compromise time"
|
||
|
|
This sets the revocation reason to \fBkeyCompromise\fR and the compromise time to
|
||
|
|
\&\fItime\fR. \fItime\fR should be in GeneralizedTime format that is \fI\s-1YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-crl_CA_compromise\fR \fItime\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-crl_CA_compromise time"
|
||
|
|
This is the same as \fBcrl_compromise\fR except the revocation reason is set to
|
||
|
|
\&\fBCACompromise\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-crlexts\fR \fIsection\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-crlexts section"
|
||
|
|
The section of the configuration file containing \s-1CRL\s0 extensions to
|
||
|
|
include. If no \s-1CRL\s0 extension section is present then a V1 \s-1CRL\s0 is
|
||
|
|
created, if the \s-1CRL\s0 extension section is present (even if it is
|
||
|
|
empty) then a V2 \s-1CRL\s0 is created. The \s-1CRL\s0 extensions specified are
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1CRL\s0 extensions and \fBnot\fR \s-1CRL\s0 entry extensions. It should be noted
|
||
|
|
that some software (for example Netscape) can't handle V2 CRLs. See
|
||
|
|
\&\fIx509v3_config\fR\|(5) manual page for details of the
|
||
|
|
extension section format.
|
||
|
|
.SH "CONFIGURATION FILE OPTIONS"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "CONFIGURATION FILE OPTIONS"
|
||
|
|
The section of the configuration file containing options for this command
|
||
|
|
is found as follows: If the \fB\-name\fR command line option is used,
|
||
|
|
then it names the section to be used. Otherwise the section to
|
||
|
|
be used must be named in the \fBdefault_ca\fR option of the \fBca\fR section
|
||
|
|
of the configuration file (or in the default section of the
|
||
|
|
configuration file). Besides \fBdefault_ca\fR, the following options are
|
||
|
|
read directly from the \fBca\fR section:
|
||
|
|
\s-1RANDFILE\s0
|
||
|
|
preserve
|
||
|
|
msie_hack
|
||
|
|
With the exception of \fB\s-1RANDFILE\s0\fR, this is probably a bug and may
|
||
|
|
change in future releases.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Many of the configuration file options are identical to command line
|
||
|
|
options. Where the option is present in the configuration file
|
||
|
|
and the command line the command line value is used. Where an
|
||
|
|
option is described as mandatory then it must be present in
|
||
|
|
the configuration file or the command line equivalent (if
|
||
|
|
any) used.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBoid_file\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "oid_file"
|
||
|
|
This specifies a file containing additional \fB\s-1OBJECT\s0 \s-1IDENTIFIERS\s0\fR.
|
||
|
|
Each line of the file should consist of the numerical form of the
|
||
|
|
object identifier followed by white space then the short name followed
|
||
|
|
by white space and finally the long name.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBoid_section\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "oid_section"
|
||
|
|
This specifies a section in the configuration file containing extra
|
||
|
|
object identifiers. Each line should consist of the short name of the
|
||
|
|
object identifier followed by \fB=\fR and the numerical form. The short
|
||
|
|
and long names are the same when this option is used.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBnew_certs_dir\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "new_certs_dir"
|
||
|
|
The same as the \fB\-outdir\fR command line option. It specifies
|
||
|
|
the directory where new certificates will be placed. Mandatory.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcertificate\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "certificate"
|
||
|
|
The same as \fB\-cert\fR. It gives the file containing the \s-1CA\s0
|
||
|
|
certificate. Mandatory.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBprivate_key\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "private_key"
|
||
|
|
Same as the \fB\-keyfile\fR option. The file containing the
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1CA\s0 private key. Mandatory.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\s-1RANDFILE\s0\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "RANDFILE"
|
||
|
|
At startup the specified file is loaded into the random number generator,
|
||
|
|
and at exit 256 bytes will be written to it. (Note: Using a \s-1RANDFILE\s0 is
|
||
|
|
not necessary anymore, see the \*(L"\s-1HISTORY\s0\*(R" section.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdefault_days\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "default_days"
|
||
|
|
The same as the \fB\-days\fR option. The number of days to certify
|
||
|
|
a certificate for.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdefault_startdate\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "default_startdate"
|
||
|
|
The same as the \fB\-startdate\fR option. The start date to certify
|
||
|
|
a certificate for. If not set the current time is used.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdefault_enddate\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "default_enddate"
|
||
|
|
The same as the \fB\-enddate\fR option. Either this option or
|
||
|
|
\&\fBdefault_days\fR (or the command line equivalents) must be
|
||
|
|
present.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdefault_crl_hours default_crl_days\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "default_crl_hours default_crl_days"
|
||
|
|
The same as the \fB\-crlhours\fR and the \fB\-crldays\fR options. These
|
||
|
|
will only be used if neither command line option is present. At
|
||
|
|
least one of these must be present to generate a \s-1CRL\s0.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdefault_md\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "default_md"
|
||
|
|
The same as the \fB\-md\fR option. Mandatory except where the signing algorithm does
|
||
|
|
not require a digest (i.e. Ed25519 and Ed448).
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdatabase\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "database"
|
||
|
|
The text database file to use. Mandatory. This file must be present
|
||
|
|
though initially it will be empty.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBunique_subject\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "unique_subject"
|
||
|
|
If the value \fByes\fR is given, the valid certificate entries in the
|
||
|
|
database must have unique subjects. if the value \fBno\fR is given,
|
||
|
|
several valid certificate entries may have the exact same subject.
|
||
|
|
The default value is \fByes\fR, to be compatible with older (pre 0.9.8)
|
||
|
|
versions of OpenSSL. However, to make \s-1CA\s0 certificate roll-over easier,
|
||
|
|
it's recommended to use the value \fBno\fR, especially if combined with
|
||
|
|
the \fB\-selfsign\fR command line option.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Note that it is valid in some circumstances for certificates to be created
|
||
|
|
without any subject. In the case where there are multiple certificates without
|
||
|
|
subjects this does not count as a duplicate.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBserial\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "serial"
|
||
|
|
A text file containing the next serial number to use in hex. Mandatory.
|
||
|
|
This file must be present and contain a valid serial number.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcrlnumber\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "crlnumber"
|
||
|
|
A text file containing the next \s-1CRL\s0 number to use in hex. The crl number
|
||
|
|
will be inserted in the CRLs only if this file exists. If this file is
|
||
|
|
present, it must contain a valid \s-1CRL\s0 number.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBx509_extensions\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "x509_extensions"
|
||
|
|
The same as \fB\-extensions\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcrl_extensions\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "crl_extensions"
|
||
|
|
The same as \fB\-crlexts\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBpreserve\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "preserve"
|
||
|
|
The same as \fB\-preserveDN\fR
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBemail_in_dn\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "email_in_dn"
|
||
|
|
The same as \fB\-noemailDN\fR. If you want the \s-1EMAIL\s0 field to be removed
|
||
|
|
from the \s-1DN\s0 of the certificate simply set this to 'no'. If not present
|
||
|
|
the default is to allow for the \s-1EMAIL\s0 filed in the certificate's \s-1DN\s0.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmsie_hack\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "msie_hack"
|
||
|
|
The same as \fB\-msie_hack\fR
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBpolicy\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "policy"
|
||
|
|
The same as \fB\-policy\fR. Mandatory. See the \fB\s-1POLICY\s0 \s-1FORMAT\s0\fR section
|
||
|
|
for more information.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBname_opt\fR, \fBcert_opt\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "name_opt, cert_opt"
|
||
|
|
These options allow the format used to display the certificate details
|
||
|
|
when asking the user to confirm signing. All the options supported by
|
||
|
|
the \fBx509\fR utilities \fB\-nameopt\fR and \fB\-certopt\fR switches can be used
|
||
|
|
here, except the \fBno_signame\fR and \fBno_sigdump\fR are permanently set
|
||
|
|
and cannot be disabled (this is because the certificate signature cannot
|
||
|
|
be displayed because the certificate has not been signed at this point).
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
For convenience the values \fBca_default\fR are accepted by both to produce
|
||
|
|
a reasonable output.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
If neither option is present the format used in earlier versions of
|
||
|
|
OpenSSL is used. Use of the old format is \fBstrongly\fR discouraged because
|
||
|
|
it only displays fields mentioned in the \fBpolicy\fR section, mishandles
|
||
|
|
multicharacter string types and does not display extensions.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcopy_extensions\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "copy_extensions"
|
||
|
|
Determines how extensions in certificate requests should be handled.
|
||
|
|
If set to \fBnone\fR or this option is not present then extensions are
|
||
|
|
ignored and not copied to the certificate. If set to \fBcopy\fR then any
|
||
|
|
extensions present in the request that are not already present are copied
|
||
|
|
to the certificate. If set to \fBcopyall\fR then all extensions in the
|
||
|
|
request are copied to the certificate: if the extension is already present
|
||
|
|
in the certificate it is deleted first. See the \fB\s-1WARNINGS\s0\fR section before
|
||
|
|
using this option.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
The main use of this option is to allow a certificate request to supply
|
||
|
|
values for certain extensions such as subjectAltName.
|
||
|
|
.SH "POLICY FORMAT"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "POLICY FORMAT"
|
||
|
|
The policy section consists of a set of variables corresponding to
|
||
|
|
certificate \s-1DN\s0 fields. If the value is \*(L"match\*(R" then the field value
|
||
|
|
must match the same field in the \s-1CA\s0 certificate. If the value is
|
||
|
|
\&\*(L"supplied\*(R" then it must be present. If the value is \*(L"optional\*(R" then
|
||
|
|
it may be present. Any fields not mentioned in the policy section
|
||
|
|
are silently deleted, unless the \fB\-preserveDN\fR option is set but
|
||
|
|
this can be regarded more of a quirk than intended behaviour.
|
||
|
|
.SH "SPKAC FORMAT"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "SPKAC FORMAT"
|
||
|
|
The input to the \fB\-spkac\fR command line option is a Netscape
|
||
|
|
signed public key and challenge. This will usually come from
|
||
|
|
the \fB\s-1KEYGEN\s0\fR tag in an \s-1HTML\s0 form to create a new private key.
|
||
|
|
It is however possible to create SPKACs using \fIopenssl\-spkac\fR\|(1).
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
The file should contain the variable \s-1SPKAC\s0 set to the value of
|
||
|
|
the \s-1SPKAC\s0 and also the required \s-1DN\s0 components as name value pairs.
|
||
|
|
If you need to include the same component twice then it can be
|
||
|
|
preceded by a number and a '.'.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
When processing \s-1SPKAC\s0 format, the output is \s-1DER\s0 if the \fB\-out\fR
|
||
|
|
flag is used, but \s-1PEM\s0 format if sending to stdout or the \fB\-outdir\fR
|
||
|
|
flag is used.
|
||
|
|
.SH "EXAMPLES"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
|
||
|
|
Note: these examples assume that the directory structure this command
|
||
|
|
assumes is already set up and the relevant files already exist. This
|
||
|
|
usually involves creating a \s-1CA\s0 certificate and private key with
|
||
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-req\fR\|(1), a serial number file and an empty index file and
|
||
|
|
placing them in the relevant directories.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
To use the sample configuration file below the directories \fIdemoCA\fR,
|
||
|
|
\&\fIdemoCA/private\fR and \fIdemoCA/newcerts\fR would be created. The \s-1CA\s0
|
||
|
|
certificate would be copied to \fIdemoCA/cacert.pem\fR and its private
|
||
|
|
key to \fIdemoCA/private/cakey.pem\fR. A file \fIdemoCA/serial\fR would be
|
||
|
|
created containing for example \*(L"01\*(R" and the empty index file
|
||
|
|
\&\fIdemoCA/index.txt\fR.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Sign a certificate request:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl ca \-in req.pem \-out newcert.pem
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Sign an \s-1SM2\s0 certificate request:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl ca \-in sm2.csr \-out sm2.crt \-md sm3 \-sigopt "sm2_id:1234567812345678" \-sm2\-id "1234567812345678"
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Sign a certificate request, using \s-1CA\s0 extensions:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl ca \-in req.pem \-extensions v3_ca \-out newcert.pem
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Generate a \s-1CRL\s0
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl ca \-gencrl \-out crl.pem
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Sign several requests:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl ca \-infiles req1.pem req2.pem req3.pem
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Certify a Netscape \s-1SPKAC:\s0
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl ca \-spkac spkac.txt
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
A sample \s-1SPKAC\s0 file (the \s-1SPKAC\s0 line has been truncated for clarity):
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& SPKAC=MIG0MGAwXDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAANLADBIAkEAn7PDhCeV/xIxUg8V70YRxK2A5
|
||
|
|
\& CN=Steve Test
|
||
|
|
\& emailAddress=steve@openssl.org
|
||
|
|
\& 0.OU=OpenSSL Group
|
||
|
|
\& 1.OU=Another Group
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
A sample configuration file with the relevant sections for this command:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& [ ca ]
|
||
|
|
\& default_ca = CA_default # The default ca section
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& [ CA_default ]
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& dir = ./demoCA # top dir
|
||
|
|
\& database = $dir/index.txt # index file.
|
||
|
|
\& new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts # new certs dir
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& certificate = $dir/cacert.pem # The CA cert
|
||
|
|
\& serial = $dir/serial # serial no file
|
||
|
|
\& #rand_serial = yes # for random serial#\*(Aqs
|
||
|
|
\& private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# CA private key
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& default_days = 365 # how long to certify for
|
||
|
|
\& default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL
|
||
|
|
\& default_md = md5 # md to use
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& policy = policy_any # default policy
|
||
|
|
\& email_in_dn = no # Don\*(Aqt add the email into cert DN
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& name_opt = ca_default # Subject name display option
|
||
|
|
\& cert_opt = ca_default # Certificate display option
|
||
|
|
\& copy_extensions = none # Don\*(Aqt copy extensions from request
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& [ policy_any ]
|
||
|
|
\& countryName = supplied
|
||
|
|
\& stateOrProvinceName = optional
|
||
|
|
\& organizationName = optional
|
||
|
|
\& organizationalUnitName = optional
|
||
|
|
\& commonName = supplied
|
||
|
|
\& emailAddress = optional
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.SH "FILES"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "FILES"
|
||
|
|
Note: the location of all files can change either by compile time options,
|
||
|
|
configuration file entries, environment variables or command line options.
|
||
|
|
The values below reflect the default values.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 9
|
||
|
|
\& /usr/local/ssl/lib/openssl.cnf \- master configuration file
|
||
|
|
\& ./demoCA \- main CA directory
|
||
|
|
\& ./demoCA/cacert.pem \- CA certificate
|
||
|
|
\& ./demoCA/private/cakey.pem \- CA private key
|
||
|
|
\& ./demoCA/serial \- CA serial number file
|
||
|
|
\& ./demoCA/serial.old \- CA serial number backup file
|
||
|
|
\& ./demoCA/index.txt \- CA text database file
|
||
|
|
\& ./demoCA/index.txt.old \- CA text database backup file
|
||
|
|
\& ./demoCA/certs \- certificate output file
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.SH "RESTRICTIONS"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "RESTRICTIONS"
|
||
|
|
The text database index file is a critical part of the process and
|
||
|
|
if corrupted it can be difficult to fix. It is theoretically possible
|
||
|
|
to rebuild the index file from all the issued certificates and a current
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1CRL:\s0 however there is no option to do this.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
V2 \s-1CRL\s0 features like delta CRLs are not currently supported.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Although several requests can be input and handled at once it is only
|
||
|
|
possible to include one \s-1SPKAC\s0 or self-signed certificate.
|
||
|
|
.SH "BUGS"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "BUGS"
|
||
|
|
The use of an in-memory text database can cause problems when large
|
||
|
|
numbers of certificates are present because, as the name implies
|
||
|
|
the database has to be kept in memory.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
This command really needs rewriting or the required functionality
|
||
|
|
exposed at either a command or interface level so a more friendly utility
|
||
|
|
(perl script or \s-1GUI\s0) can handle things properly. The script
|
||
|
|
\&\fB\s-1CA\s0.pl\fR helps a little but not very much.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Any fields in a request that are not present in a policy are silently
|
||
|
|
deleted. This does not happen if the \fB\-preserveDN\fR option is used. To
|
||
|
|
enforce the absence of the \s-1EMAIL\s0 field within the \s-1DN\s0, as suggested by
|
||
|
|
RFCs, regardless the contents of the request' subject the \fB\-noemailDN\fR
|
||
|
|
option can be used. The behaviour should be more friendly and
|
||
|
|
configurable.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Canceling some commands by refusing to certify a certificate can
|
||
|
|
create an empty file.
|
||
|
|
.SH "WARNINGS"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "WARNINGS"
|
||
|
|
This command is quirky and at times downright unfriendly.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
This command was originally meant as an example of how to do
|
||
|
|
things in a \s-1CA\s0. It was not supposed to be used as a full blown \s-1CA\s0 itself:
|
||
|
|
nevertheless some people are using it for this purpose.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
This command command is effectively a single user command: no locking
|
||
|
|
is done on the various files and attempts to run more than one \fBopenssl ca\fR
|
||
|
|
command on the same database can have unpredictable results.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
The \fBcopy_extensions\fR option should be used with caution. If care is
|
||
|
|
not taken then it can be a security risk. For example if a certificate
|
||
|
|
request contains a basicConstraints extension with \s-1CA:TRUE\s0 and the
|
||
|
|
\&\fBcopy_extensions\fR value is set to \fBcopyall\fR and the user does not spot
|
||
|
|
this when the certificate is displayed then this will hand the requester
|
||
|
|
a valid \s-1CA\s0 certificate.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
This situation can be avoided by setting \fBcopy_extensions\fR to \fBcopy\fR
|
||
|
|
and including basicConstraints with \s-1CA:FALSE\s0 in the configuration file.
|
||
|
|
Then if the request contains a basicConstraints extension it will be
|
||
|
|
ignored.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
It is advisable to also include values for other extensions such
|
||
|
|
as \fBkeyUsage\fR to prevent a request supplying its own values.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Additional restrictions can be placed on the \s-1CA\s0 certificate itself.
|
||
|
|
For example if the \s-1CA\s0 certificate has:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& basicConstraints = CA:TRUE, pathlen:0
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
then even if a certificate is issued with \s-1CA:TRUE\s0 it will not be valid.
|
||
|
|
.SH "HISTORY"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "HISTORY"
|
||
|
|
Since OpenSSL 1.1.1, the program follows \s-1RFC5280\s0. Specifically,
|
||
|
|
certificate validity period (specified by any of \fB\-startdate\fR,
|
||
|
|
\&\fB\-enddate\fR and \fB\-days\fR) will be encoded as UTCTime if the dates are
|
||
|
|
earlier than year 2049 (included), and as GeneralizedTime if the dates
|
||
|
|
are in year 2050 or later.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
OpenSSL 1.1.1 introduced a new random generator (\s-1CSPRNG\s0) with an improved
|
||
|
|
seeding mechanism. The new seeding mechanism makes it unnecessary to
|
||
|
|
define a \s-1RANDFILE\s0 for saving and restoring randomness. This option is
|
||
|
|
retained mainly for compatibility reasons.
|
||
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
||
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\fR\|(1),
|
||
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-req\fR\|(1),
|
||
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-spkac\fR\|(1),
|
||
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-x509\fR\|(1),
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1\fICA\s0.pl\fR\|(1),
|
||
|
|
\&\fIconfig\fR\|(5),
|
||
|
|
\&\fIx509v3_config\fR\|(5)
|
||
|
|
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
|
||
|
|
Copyright 2000\-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the \*(L"License\*(R"). You may not use
|
||
|
|
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
||
|
|
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
|
||
|
|
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
|