423 lines
16 KiB
Groff
423 lines
16 KiB
Groff
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "OPENSSL-GENPKEY 1"
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.TH OPENSSL-GENPKEY 1 "2020-03-02" "3.0.0-dev" "OpenSSL"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
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openssl\-genpkey \- generate a private key
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBgenpkey\fR
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[\fB\-help\fR]
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[\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-outform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR]
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[\fB\-pass\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-\f(BIcipher\fB\fR]
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[\fB\-paramfile\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-algorithm\fR \fIalg\fR]
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[\fB\-pkeyopt\fR \fIopt\fR:\fIvalue\fR]
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[\fB\-genparam\fR]
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[\fB\-text\fR]
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[\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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This command generates a private key.
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.SH "OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "OPTIONS"
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.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-help"
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Print out a usage message.
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.IP "\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-out filename"
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Output the key to the specified file. If this argument is not specified then
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standard output is used.
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.IP "\fB\-outform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-outform DER|PEM"
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The output format; the default is \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR.
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See \*(L"Format Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1) for details.
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.IP "\fB\-pass\fR \fIarg\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-pass arg"
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The output file password source. For more information about the format of \fIarg\fR
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see \*(L"Pass Phrase Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
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.IP "\fB\-\f(BIcipher\fB\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-cipher"
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This option encrypts the private key with the supplied cipher. Any algorithm
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name accepted by \fIEVP_get_cipherbyname()\fR is acceptable such as \fBdes3\fR.
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.IP "\fB\-algorithm\fR \fIalg\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-algorithm alg"
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Public key algorithm to use such as \s-1RSA\s0, \s-1DSA\s0 or \s-1DH\s0. If used this option must
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precede any \fB\-pkeyopt\fR options. The options \fB\-paramfile\fR and \fB\-algorithm\fR
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are mutually exclusive. Engines may add algorithms in addition to the standard
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built-in ones.
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.Sp
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Valid built-in algorithm names for private key generation are \s-1RSA\s0, RSA-PSS, \s-1EC\s0,
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X25519, X448, \s-1ED25519\s0 and \s-1ED448\s0.
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.Sp
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Valid built-in algorithm names for parameter generation (see the \fB\-genparam\fR
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option) are \s-1DH\s0, \s-1DSA\s0 and \s-1EC\s0.
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.Sp
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Note that the algorithm name X9.42 \s-1DH\s0 may be used as a synonym for the \s-1DH\s0
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algorithm. These are identical and do not indicate the type of parameters that
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will be generated. Use the \fBdh_paramgen_type\fR option to indicate whether PKCS#3
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or X9.42 \s-1DH\s0 parameters are required. See \*(L"\s-1DH\s0 Parameter Generation Options\*(R"
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below for more details.
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.IP "\fB\-pkeyopt\fR \fIopt\fR:\fIvalue\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-pkeyopt opt:value"
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Set the public key algorithm option \fIopt\fR to \fIvalue\fR. The precise set of
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options supported depends on the public key algorithm used and its
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implementation. See \*(L"\s-1KEY\s0 \s-1GENERATION\s0 \s-1OPTIONS\s0\*(R" and
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\&\*(L"\s-1PARAMETER\s0 \s-1GENERATION\s0 \s-1OPTIONS\s0\*(R" below for more details.
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.IP "\fB\-genparam\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-genparam"
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Generate a set of parameters instead of a private key. If used this option must
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precede any \fB\-algorithm\fR, \fB\-paramfile\fR or \fB\-pkeyopt\fR options.
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.IP "\fB\-paramfile\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-paramfile filename"
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Some public key algorithms generate a private key based on a set of parameters.
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They can be supplied using this option. If this option is used the public key
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algorithm used is determined by the parameters. If used this option must
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precede any \fB\-pkeyopt\fR options. The options \fB\-paramfile\fR and \fB\-algorithm\fR
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are mutually exclusive.
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.IP "\fB\-text\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-text"
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Print an (unencrypted) text representation of private and public keys and
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parameters along with the \s-1PEM\s0 or \s-1DER\s0 structure.
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.IP "\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-engine id"
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See \*(L"Engine Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
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.SH "KEY GENERATION OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "KEY GENERATION OPTIONS"
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The options supported by each algorithm and indeed each implementation of an
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algorithm can vary. The options for the OpenSSL implementations are detailed
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below. There are no key generation options defined for the X25519, X448, \s-1ED25519\s0
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or \s-1ED448\s0 algorithms.
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.SS "\s-1RSA\s0 Key Generation Options"
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.IX Subsection "RSA Key Generation Options"
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.IP "\fBrsa_keygen_bits:numbits\fR" 4
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.IX Item "rsa_keygen_bits:numbits"
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The number of bits in the generated key. If not specified 2048 is used.
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.IP "\fBrsa_keygen_primes:numprimes\fR" 4
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.IX Item "rsa_keygen_primes:numprimes"
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The number of primes in the generated key. If not specified 2 is used.
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.IP "\fBrsa_keygen_pubexp:value\fR" 4
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.IX Item "rsa_keygen_pubexp:value"
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The \s-1RSA\s0 public exponent value. This can be a large decimal or
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hexadecimal value if preceded by \f(CW\*(C`0x\*(C'\fR. Default value is 65537.
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.SS "RSA-PSS Key Generation Options"
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.IX Subsection "RSA-PSS Key Generation Options"
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Note: by default an \fBRSA-PSS\fR key has no parameter restrictions.
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.IP "\fBrsa_keygen_bits\fR:\fInumbits\fR, \fBrsa_keygen_primes\fR:\fInumprimes\fR, \fBrsa_keygen_pubexp\fR:\fIvalue\fR" 4
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.IX Item "rsa_keygen_bits:numbits, rsa_keygen_primes:numprimes, rsa_keygen_pubexp:value"
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These options have the same meaning as the \fB\s-1RSA\s0\fR algorithm.
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.IP "\fBrsa_pss_keygen_md\fR:\fIdigest\fR" 4
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.IX Item "rsa_pss_keygen_md:digest"
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If set the key is restricted and can only use \fIdigest\fR for signing.
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.IP "\fBrsa_pss_keygen_mgf1_md\fR:\fIdigest\fR" 4
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.IX Item "rsa_pss_keygen_mgf1_md:digest"
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If set the key is restricted and can only use \fIdigest\fR as it's \s-1MGF1\s0
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parameter.
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.IP "\fBrsa_pss_keygen_saltlen\fR:\fIlen\fR" 4
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.IX Item "rsa_pss_keygen_saltlen:len"
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If set the key is restricted and \fIlen\fR specifies the minimum salt length.
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.SS "\s-1EC\s0 Key Generation Options"
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.IX Subsection "EC Key Generation Options"
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The \s-1EC\s0 key generation options can also be used for parameter generation.
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.IP "\fBec_paramgen_curve\fR:\fIcurve\fR" 4
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.IX Item "ec_paramgen_curve:curve"
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The \s-1EC\s0 curve to use. OpenSSL supports \s-1NIST\s0 curve names such as \*(L"P\-256\*(R".
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.IP "\fBec_param_enc\fR:\fIencoding\fR" 4
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.IX Item "ec_param_enc:encoding"
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The encoding to use for parameters. The \fIencoding\fR parameter must be either
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\&\fBnamed_curve\fR or \fBexplicit\fR. The default value is \fBnamed_curve\fR.
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.SH "PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS"
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The options supported by each algorithm and indeed each implementation of an
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algorithm can vary. The options for the OpenSSL implementations are detailed
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below.
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.SS "\s-1DSA\s0 Parameter Generation Options"
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.IX Subsection "DSA Parameter Generation Options"
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.IP "\fBdsa_paramgen_bits\fR:\fInumbits\fR" 4
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.IX Item "dsa_paramgen_bits:numbits"
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The number of bits in the generated prime. If not specified 2048 is used.
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.IP "\fBdsa_paramgen_q_bits\fR:\fInumbits\fR" 4
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.IX Item "dsa_paramgen_q_bits:numbits"
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The number of bits in the q parameter. Must be one of 160, 224 or 256. If not
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specified 224 is used.
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.IP "\fBdsa_paramgen_md\fR:\fIdigest\fR" 4
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.IX Item "dsa_paramgen_md:digest"
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The digest to use during parameter generation. Must be one of \fBsha1\fR, \fBsha224\fR
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or \fBsha256\fR. If set, then the number of bits in \fBq\fR will match the output size
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of the specified digest and the \fBdsa_paramgen_q_bits\fR parameter will be
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ignored. If not set, then a digest will be used that gives an output matching
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the number of bits in \fBq\fR, i.e. \fBsha1\fR if q length is 160, \fBsha224\fR if it 224
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or \fBsha256\fR if it is 256.
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.SS "\s-1DH\s0 Parameter Generation Options"
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.IX Subsection "DH Parameter Generation Options"
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.IP "\fBdh_paramgen_prime_len\fR:\fInumbits\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dh_paramgen_prime_len:numbits"
|
||
|
|
The number of bits in the prime parameter \fIp\fR. The default is 2048.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdh_paramgen_subprime_len\fR:\fInumbits\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dh_paramgen_subprime_len:numbits"
|
||
|
|
The number of bits in the sub prime parameter \fIq\fR. The default is 256 if the
|
||
|
|
prime is at least 2048 bits long or 160 otherwise. Only relevant if used in
|
||
|
|
conjunction with the \fBdh_paramgen_type\fR option to generate X9.42 \s-1DH\s0 parameters.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdh_paramgen_generator\fR:\fIvalue\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dh_paramgen_generator:value"
|
||
|
|
The value to use for the generator \fIg\fR. The default is 2.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdh_paramgen_type\fR:\fIvalue\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dh_paramgen_type:value"
|
||
|
|
The type of \s-1DH\s0 parameters to generate. Use 0 for PKCS#3 \s-1DH\s0 and 1 for X9.42 \s-1DH\s0.
|
||
|
|
The default is 0.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdh_rfc5114\fR:\fInum\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dh_rfc5114:num"
|
||
|
|
If this option is set, then the appropriate \s-1RFC5114\s0 parameters are used
|
||
|
|
instead of generating new parameters. The value \fInum\fR can be one of
|
||
|
|
1, 2 or 3 corresponding to \s-1RFC5114\s0 \s-1DH\s0 parameters consisting of
|
||
|
|
1024 bit group with 160 bit subgroup, 2048 bit group with 224 bit subgroup
|
||
|
|
and 2048 bit group with 256 bit subgroup as mentioned in \s-1RFC5114\s0 sections
|
||
|
|
2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 respectively. If present this overrides all other \s-1DH\s0 parameter
|
||
|
|
options.
|
||
|
|
.SS "\s-1EC\s0 Parameter Generation Options"
|
||
|
|
.IX Subsection "EC Parameter Generation Options"
|
||
|
|
The \s-1EC\s0 parameter generation options are the same as for key generation. See
|
||
|
|
\&\*(L"\s-1EC\s0 Key Generation Options\*(R" above.
|
||
|
|
.SH "NOTES"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "NOTES"
|
||
|
|
The use of the genpkey program is encouraged over the algorithm specific
|
||
|
|
utilities because additional algorithm options and \s-1ENGINE\s0 provided algorithms
|
||
|
|
can be used.
|
||
|
|
.SH "EXAMPLES"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
|
||
|
|
Generate an \s-1RSA\s0 private key using default parameters:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-algorithm RSA \-out key.pem
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Encrypt output private key using 128 bit \s-1AES\s0 and the passphrase \*(L"hello\*(R":
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-algorithm RSA \-out key.pem \-aes\-128\-cbc \-pass pass:hello
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Generate a 2048 bit \s-1RSA\s0 key using 3 as the public exponent:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-algorithm RSA \-out key.pem \e
|
||
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt rsa_keygen_bits:2048 \-pkeyopt rsa_keygen_pubexp:3
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Generate 2048 bit \s-1DSA\s0 parameters:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DSA \-out dsap.pem \e
|
||
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt dsa_paramgen_bits:2048
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Generate \s-1DSA\s0 key from parameters:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-paramfile dsap.pem \-out dsakey.pem
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Generate 2048 bit \s-1DH\s0 parameters:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DH \-out dhp.pem \e
|
||
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_prime_len:2048
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Generate 2048 bit X9.42 \s-1DH\s0 parameters:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DH \-out dhpx.pem \e
|
||
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_prime_len:2048 \e
|
||
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_type:1
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Output \s-1RFC5114\s0 2048 bit \s-1DH\s0 parameters with 224 bit subgroup:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DH \-out dhp.pem \-pkeyopt dh_rfc5114:2
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Generate \s-1DH\s0 key from parameters:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-paramfile dhp.pem \-out dhkey.pem
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Generate \s-1EC\s0 parameters:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm EC \-out ecp.pem \e
|
||
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:secp384r1 \e
|
||
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt ec_param_enc:named_curve
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Generate \s-1EC\s0 key from parameters:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-paramfile ecp.pem \-out eckey.pem
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Generate \s-1EC\s0 key directly:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-algorithm EC \-out eckey.pem \e
|
||
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:P\-384 \e
|
||
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt ec_param_enc:named_curve
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Generate an X25519 private key:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-algorithm X25519 \-out xkey.pem
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Generate an \s-1ED448\s0 private key:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl genpkey \-algorithm ED448 \-out xkey.pem
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.SH "HISTORY"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "HISTORY"
|
||
|
|
The ability to use \s-1NIST\s0 curve names, and to generate an \s-1EC\s0 key directly,
|
||
|
|
were added in OpenSSL 1.0.2.
|
||
|
|
The ability to generate X25519 keys was added in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
|
||
|
|
The ability to generate X448, \s-1ED25519\s0 and \s-1ED448\s0 keys was added in OpenSSL 1.1.1.
|
||
|
|
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
|
||
|
|
Copyright 2006\-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the \*(L"License\*(R"). You may not use
|
||
|
|
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
||
|
|
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
|
||
|
|
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
|