493 lines
19 KiB
HTML
493 lines
19 KiB
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<?xml version="1.0" ?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<title>openssl-enc</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<link rev="made" href="mailto:root@localhost" />
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</head>
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<body style="background-color: white">
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<!-- INDEX BEGIN -->
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<div name="index">
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<p><a name="__index__"></a></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li>
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<li><a href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
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<li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
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<li><a href="#options">OPTIONS</a></li>
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<li><a href="#notes">NOTES</a></li>
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<li><a href="#supported_ciphers">SUPPORTED CIPHERS</a></li>
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<li><a href="#examples">EXAMPLES</a></li>
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<li><a href="#bugs">BUGS</a></li>
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<li><a href="#history">HISTORY</a></li>
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<li><a href="#copyright">COPYRIGHT</a></li>
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</ul>
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<hr name="index" />
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</div>
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<!-- INDEX END -->
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<p>
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1>
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<p>openssl-enc - symmetric cipher routines</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h1><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
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<p><strong>openssl</strong> <strong>enc</strong>|<em>cipher</em>
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[<strong>-<em>cipher</em></strong>]
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[<strong>-help</strong>]
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[<strong>-list</strong>]
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[<strong>-ciphers</strong>]
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[<strong>-in</strong> <em>filename</em>]
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[<strong>-out</strong> <em>filename</em>]
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[<strong>-pass</strong> <em>arg</em>]
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[<strong>-e</strong>]
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[<strong>-d</strong>]
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[<strong>-a</strong>]
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[<strong>-base64</strong>]
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[<strong>-A</strong>]
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[<strong>-k</strong> <em>password</em>]
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[<strong>-kfile</strong> <em>filename</em>]
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[<strong>-K</strong> <em>key</em>]
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[<strong>-iv</strong> <em>IV</em>]
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[<strong>-S</strong> <em>salt</em>]
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[<strong>-salt</strong>]
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[<strong>-nosalt</strong>]
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[<strong>-z</strong>]
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[<strong>-md</strong> <em>digest</em>]
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[<strong>-iter</strong> <em>count</em>]
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[<strong>-pbkdf2</strong>]
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[<strong>-p</strong>]
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[<strong>-P</strong>]
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[<strong>-bufsize</strong> <em>number</em>]
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[<strong>-nopad</strong>]
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[<strong>-v</strong>]
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[<strong>-debug</strong>]
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[<strong>-none</strong>]
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[<strong>-engine</strong> <em>id</em>]
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[<strong>-rand</strong> <em>files</em>]
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[<strong>-writerand</strong> <em>file</em>]</p>
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<p><strong>openssl</strong> <em>cipher</em> [<strong>...</strong>]</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h1><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
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<p>The symmetric cipher commands allow data to be encrypted or decrypted
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using various block and stream ciphers using keys based on passwords
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or explicitly provided. Base64 encoding or decoding can also be performed
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either by itself or in addition to the encryption or decryption.</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h1><a name="options">OPTIONS</a></h1>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong><a name="help" class="item"><strong>-help</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Print out a usage message.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="list" class="item"><strong>-list</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>List all supported ciphers.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="ciphers" class="item"><strong>-ciphers</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Alias of -list to display all supported ciphers.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="in_filename" class="item"><strong>-in</strong> <em>filename</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The input filename, standard input by default.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="out_filename" class="item"><strong>-out</strong> <em>filename</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The output filename, standard output by default.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="pass_arg" class="item"><strong>-pass</strong> <em>arg</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The password source. For more information about the format of <em>arg</em>
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see <em>openssl(1)/Pass Phrase Options</em>.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="e" class="item"><strong>-e</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Encrypt the input data: this is the default.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="d" class="item"><strong>-d</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Decrypt the input data.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="a" class="item"><strong>-a</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Base64 process the data. This means that if encryption is taking place
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the data is base64 encoded after encryption. If decryption is set then
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the input data is base64 decoded before being decrypted.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="base64" class="item"><strong>-base64</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Same as <strong>-a</strong></p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="a" class="item"><strong>-A</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>If the <strong>-a</strong> option is set then base64 process the data on one line.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="k_password" class="item"><strong>-k</strong> <em>password</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The password to derive the key from. This is for compatibility with previous
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versions of OpenSSL. Superseded by the <strong>-pass</strong> argument.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="kfile_filename" class="item"><strong>-kfile</strong> <em>filename</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Read the password to derive the key from the first line of <em>filename</em>.
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This is for compatibility with previous versions of OpenSSL. Superseded by
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the <strong>-pass</strong> argument.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="md_digest" class="item"><strong>-md</strong> <em>digest</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Use the specified digest to create the key from the passphrase.
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The default algorithm is sha-256.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="iter_count" class="item"><strong>-iter</strong> <em>count</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Use a given number of iterations on the password in deriving the encryption key.
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High values increase the time required to brute-force the resulting file.
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This option enables the use of PBKDF2 algorithm to derive the key.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="pbkdf2" class="item"><strong>-pbkdf2</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Use PBKDF2 algorithm with default iteration count unless otherwise specified.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="nosalt" class="item"><strong>-nosalt</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Don't use a salt in the key derivation routines. This option <strong>SHOULD NOT</strong> be
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used except for test purposes or compatibility with ancient versions of
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OpenSSL.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="salt" class="item"><strong>-salt</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Use salt (randomly generated or provide with <strong>-S</strong> option) when
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encrypting, this is the default.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="s_salt" class="item"><strong>-S</strong> <em>salt</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The actual salt to use: this must be represented as a string of hex digits.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="k_key" class="item"><strong>-K</strong> <em>key</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The actual key to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
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of hex digits. If only the key is specified, the IV must additionally specified
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using the <strong>-iv</strong> option. When both a key and a password are specified, the
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key given with the <strong>-K</strong> option will be used and the IV generated from the
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password will be taken. It does not make much sense to specify both key
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and password.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="iv_iv" class="item"><strong>-iv</strong> <em>IV</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The actual IV to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
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of hex digits. When only the key is specified using the <strong>-K</strong> option, the
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IV must explicitly be defined. When a password is being specified using
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one of the other options, the IV is generated from this password.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="p" class="item"><strong>-p</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Print out the key and IV used.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="p" class="item"><strong>-P</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Print out the key and IV used then immediately exit: don't do any encryption
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or decryption.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="bufsize_number" class="item"><strong>-bufsize</strong> <em>number</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Set the buffer size for I/O.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="nopad" class="item"><strong>-nopad</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Disable standard block padding.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="v" class="item"><strong>-v</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Verbose print; display some statistics about I/O and buffer sizes.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="debug" class="item"><strong>-debug</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Debug the BIOs used for I/O.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="z" class="item"><strong>-z</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Compress or decompress clear text using zlib before encryption or after
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decryption. This option exists only if OpenSSL with compiled with zlib
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or zlib-dynamic option.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="none" class="item"><strong>-none</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Use NULL cipher (no encryption or decryption of input).</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="rand_files_writerand_file" class="item"><strong>-rand</strong> <em>files</em>, <strong>-writerand</strong> <em>file</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>See <em>openssl(1)/Random State Options</em> for details.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="engine_id" class="item"><strong>-engine</strong> <em>id</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>See <em>openssl(1)/Engine Options</em>.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h1><a name="notes">NOTES</a></h1>
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<p>The program can be called either as <code>openssl cipher</code> or
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<code>openssl enc -cipher</code>. The first form doesn't work with
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engine-provided ciphers, because this form is processed before the
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configuration file is read and any ENGINEs loaded.
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Use the <a href="#list">openssl-list(1)</a> command to get a list of supported ciphers.</p>
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<p>Engines which provide entirely new encryption algorithms (such as the ccgost
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engine which provides gost89 algorithm) should be configured in the
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configuration file. Engines specified on the command line using <strong>-engine</strong>
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option can only be used for hardware-assisted implementations of
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ciphers which are supported by the OpenSSL core or another engine specified
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in the configuration file.</p>
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<p>When the enc command lists supported ciphers, ciphers provided by engines,
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specified in the configuration files are listed too.</p>
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<p>A password will be prompted for to derive the key and IV if necessary.</p>
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<p>The <strong>-salt</strong> option should <strong>ALWAYS</strong> be used if the key is being derived
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from a password unless you want compatibility with previous versions of
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OpenSSL.</p>
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<p>Without the <strong>-salt</strong> option it is possible to perform efficient dictionary
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attacks on the password and to attack stream cipher encrypted data. The reason
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for this is that without the salt the same password always generates the same
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encryption key. When the salt is being used the first eight bytes of the
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encrypted data are reserved for the salt: it is generated at random when
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encrypting a file and read from the encrypted file when it is decrypted.</p>
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<p>Some of the ciphers do not have large keys and others have security
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implications if not used correctly. A beginner is advised to just use
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a strong block cipher, such as AES, in CBC mode.</p>
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<p>All the block ciphers normally use PKCS#5 padding, also known as standard
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block padding. This allows a rudimentary integrity or password check to
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be performed. However since the chance of random data passing the test
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is better than 1 in 256 it isn't a very good test.</p>
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<p>If padding is disabled then the input data must be a multiple of the cipher
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block length.</p>
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<p>All RC2 ciphers have the same key and effective key length.</p>
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<p>Blowfish and RC5 algorithms use a 128 bit key.</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h1><a name="supported_ciphers">SUPPORTED CIPHERS</a></h1>
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<p>Note that some of these ciphers can be disabled at compile time
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and some are available only if an appropriate engine is configured
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in the configuration file. The output when invoking this command
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with the <strong>-ciphers</strong> option (that is <code>openssl enc -ciphers</code>) is
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a list of ciphers, supported by your version of OpenSSL, including
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ones provided by configured engines.</p>
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<p>This command does not support authenticated encryption modes
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like CCM and GCM, and will not support such modes in the future.
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This is due to having to begin streaming output (e.g., to standard output
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when <strong>-out</strong> is not used) before the authentication tag could be validated.
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When this command is used in a pipeline, the receiving end will not be
|
||
|
|
able to roll back upon authentication failure. The AEAD modes currently in
|
||
|
|
common use also suffer from catastrophic failure of confidentiality and/or
|
||
|
|
integrity upon reuse of key/iv/nonce, and since <strong>openssl enc</strong> places the
|
||
|
|
entire burden of key/iv/nonce management upon the user, the risk of
|
||
|
|
exposing AEAD modes is too great to allow. These key/iv/nonce
|
||
|
|
management issues also affect other modes currently exposed in this command,
|
||
|
|
but the failure modes are less extreme in these cases, and the
|
||
|
|
functionality cannot be removed with a stable release branch.
|
||
|
|
For bulk encryption of data, whether using authenticated encryption
|
||
|
|
modes or other modes, <em>openssl-cms(1)</em> is recommended, as it provides a
|
||
|
|
standard data format and performs the needed key/iv/nonce management.</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
base64 Base 64</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
bf-cbc Blowfish in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
bf Alias for bf-cbc
|
||
|
|
blowfish Alias for bf-cbc
|
||
|
|
bf-cfb Blowfish in CFB mode
|
||
|
|
bf-ecb Blowfish in ECB mode
|
||
|
|
bf-ofb Blowfish in OFB mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
cast-cbc CAST in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
cast Alias for cast-cbc
|
||
|
|
cast5-cbc CAST5 in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
cast5-cfb CAST5 in CFB mode
|
||
|
|
cast5-ecb CAST5 in ECB mode
|
||
|
|
cast5-ofb CAST5 in OFB mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
chacha20 ChaCha20 algorithm</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
des-cbc DES in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
des Alias for des-cbc
|
||
|
|
des-cfb DES in CFB mode
|
||
|
|
des-ofb DES in OFB mode
|
||
|
|
des-ecb DES in ECB mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
des-ede-cbc Two key triple DES EDE in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
des-ede Two key triple DES EDE in ECB mode
|
||
|
|
des-ede-cfb Two key triple DES EDE in CFB mode
|
||
|
|
des-ede-ofb Two key triple DES EDE in OFB mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
des-ede3-cbc Three key triple DES EDE in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
des-ede3 Three key triple DES EDE in ECB mode
|
||
|
|
des3 Alias for des-ede3-cbc
|
||
|
|
des-ede3-cfb Three key triple DES EDE CFB mode
|
||
|
|
des-ede3-ofb Three key triple DES EDE in OFB mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
desx DESX algorithm.</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
gost89 GOST 28147-89 in CFB mode (provided by ccgost engine)
|
||
|
|
gost89-cnt `GOST 28147-89 in CNT mode (provided by ccgost engine)</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
idea-cbc IDEA algorithm in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
idea same as idea-cbc
|
||
|
|
idea-cfb IDEA in CFB mode
|
||
|
|
idea-ecb IDEA in ECB mode
|
||
|
|
idea-ofb IDEA in OFB mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
rc2-cbc 128 bit RC2 in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
rc2 Alias for rc2-cbc
|
||
|
|
rc2-cfb 128 bit RC2 in CFB mode
|
||
|
|
rc2-ecb 128 bit RC2 in ECB mode
|
||
|
|
rc2-ofb 128 bit RC2 in OFB mode
|
||
|
|
rc2-64-cbc 64 bit RC2 in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
rc2-40-cbc 40 bit RC2 in CBC mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
rc4 128 bit RC4
|
||
|
|
rc4-64 64 bit RC4
|
||
|
|
rc4-40 40 bit RC4</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
rc5-cbc RC5 cipher in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
rc5 Alias for rc5-cbc
|
||
|
|
rc5-cfb RC5 cipher in CFB mode
|
||
|
|
rc5-ecb RC5 cipher in ECB mode
|
||
|
|
rc5-ofb RC5 cipher in OFB mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
seed-cbc SEED cipher in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
seed Alias for seed-cbc
|
||
|
|
seed-cfb SEED cipher in CFB mode
|
||
|
|
seed-ecb SEED cipher in ECB mode
|
||
|
|
seed-ofb SEED cipher in OFB mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
sm4-cbc SM4 cipher in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
sm4 Alias for sm4-cbc
|
||
|
|
sm4-cfb SM4 cipher in CFB mode
|
||
|
|
sm4-ctr SM4 cipher in CTR mode
|
||
|
|
sm4-ecb SM4 cipher in ECB mode
|
||
|
|
sm4-ofb SM4 cipher in OFB mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
aes-[128|192|256]-cbc 128/192/256 bit AES in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
aes[128|192|256] Alias for aes-[128|192|256]-cbc
|
||
|
|
aes-[128|192|256]-cfb 128/192/256 bit AES in 128 bit CFB mode
|
||
|
|
aes-[128|192|256]-cfb1 128/192/256 bit AES in 1 bit CFB mode
|
||
|
|
aes-[128|192|256]-cfb8 128/192/256 bit AES in 8 bit CFB mode
|
||
|
|
aes-[128|192|256]-ctr 128/192/256 bit AES in CTR mode
|
||
|
|
aes-[128|192|256]-ecb 128/192/256 bit AES in ECB mode
|
||
|
|
aes-[128|192|256]-ofb 128/192/256 bit AES in OFB mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
aria-[128|192|256]-cbc 128/192/256 bit ARIA in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
aria[128|192|256] Alias for aria-[128|192|256]-cbc
|
||
|
|
aria-[128|192|256]-cfb 128/192/256 bit ARIA in 128 bit CFB mode
|
||
|
|
aria-[128|192|256]-cfb1 128/192/256 bit ARIA in 1 bit CFB mode
|
||
|
|
aria-[128|192|256]-cfb8 128/192/256 bit ARIA in 8 bit CFB mode
|
||
|
|
aria-[128|192|256]-ctr 128/192/256 bit ARIA in CTR mode
|
||
|
|
aria-[128|192|256]-ecb 128/192/256 bit ARIA in ECB mode
|
||
|
|
aria-[128|192|256]-ofb 128/192/256 bit ARIA in OFB mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
camellia-[128|192|256]-cbc 128/192/256 bit Camellia in CBC mode
|
||
|
|
camellia[128|192|256] Alias for camellia-[128|192|256]-cbc
|
||
|
|
camellia-[128|192|256]-cfb 128/192/256 bit Camellia in 128 bit CFB mode
|
||
|
|
camellia-[128|192|256]-cfb1 128/192/256 bit Camellia in 1 bit CFB mode
|
||
|
|
camellia-[128|192|256]-cfb8 128/192/256 bit Camellia in 8 bit CFB mode
|
||
|
|
camellia-[128|192|256]-ctr 128/192/256 bit Camellia in CTR mode
|
||
|
|
camellia-[128|192|256]-ecb 128/192/256 bit Camellia in ECB mode
|
||
|
|
camellia-[128|192|256]-ofb 128/192/256 bit Camellia in OFB mode</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<hr />
|
||
|
|
<h1><a name="examples">EXAMPLES</a></h1>
|
||
|
|
<p>Just base64 encode a binary file:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl base64 -in file.bin -out file.b64</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Decode the same file</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl base64 -d -in file.b64 -out file.bin</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Encrypt a file using AES-128 using a prompted password
|
||
|
|
and PBKDF2 key derivation:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl enc -aes128 -pbkdf2 -in file.txt -out file.aes128</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Decrypt a file using a supplied password:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl enc -aes128 -pbkdf2 -d -in file.aes128 -out file.txt \
|
||
|
|
-pass pass:<password></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Encrypt a file then base64 encode it (so it can be sent via mail for example)
|
||
|
|
using AES-256 in CTR mode and PBKDF2 key derivation:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl enc -aes-256-ctr -pbkdf2 -a -in file.txt -out file.aes256</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Base64 decode a file then decrypt it using a password supplied in a file:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl enc -aes-256-ctr -pbkdf2 -d -a -in file.aes256 -out file.txt \
|
||
|
|
-pass <a href="file:<passfile>">file:<passfile></a>;</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<hr />
|
||
|
|
<h1><a name="bugs">BUGS</a></h1>
|
||
|
|
<p>The <strong>-A</strong> option when used with large files doesn't work properly.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>The <strong>openssl enc</strong> command only supports a fixed number of algorithms with
|
||
|
|
certain parameters. So if, for example, you want to use RC2 with a
|
||
|
|
76 bit key or RC4 with an 84 bit key you can't use this program.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<hr />
|
||
|
|
<h1><a name="history">HISTORY</a></h1>
|
||
|
|
<p>The default digest was changed from MD5 to SHA256 in OpenSSL 1.1.0.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>The <strong>-list</strong> option was added in OpenSSL 1.1.1e.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>The <strong>-ciphers</strong> option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<hr />
|
||
|
|
<h1><a name="copyright">COPYRIGHT</a></h1>
|
||
|
|
<p>Copyright 2000-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
|
||
|
|
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
||
|
|
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
|
||
|
|
<a href="https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html">https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html</a>.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</html>
|