395 lines
16 KiB
HTML
395 lines
16 KiB
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<?xml version="1.0" ?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<title>openssl-genpkey</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<link rev="made" href="mailto:root@localhost" />
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</head>
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<body style="background-color: white">
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<!-- INDEX BEGIN -->
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<div name="index">
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<p><a name="__index__"></a></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li>
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<li><a href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
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<li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
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<li><a href="#options">OPTIONS</a></li>
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<li><a href="#key_generation_options">KEY GENERATION OPTIONS</a></li>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#rsa_key_generation_options">RSA Key Generation Options</a></li>
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<li><a href="#rsa_pss_key_generation_options">RSA-PSS Key Generation Options</a></li>
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<li><a href="#ec_key_generation_options">EC Key Generation Options</a></li>
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</ul>
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<li><a href="#parameter_generation_options">PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS</a></li>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#dsa_parameter_generation_options">DSA Parameter Generation Options</a></li>
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<li><a href="#dh_parameter_generation_options">DH Parameter Generation Options</a></li>
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<li><a href="#ec_parameter_generation_options">EC Parameter Generation Options</a></li>
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</ul>
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<li><a href="#notes">NOTES</a></li>
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<li><a href="#examples">EXAMPLES</a></li>
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<li><a href="#history">HISTORY</a></li>
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<li><a href="#copyright">COPYRIGHT</a></li>
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</ul>
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<hr name="index" />
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</div>
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<!-- INDEX END -->
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<p>
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1>
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<p>openssl-genpkey - generate a private key</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h1><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
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<p><strong>openssl</strong> <strong>genpkey</strong>
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[<strong>-help</strong>]
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[<strong>-out</strong> <em>filename</em>]
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[<strong>-outform</strong> <strong>DER</strong>|<strong>PEM</strong>]
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[<strong>-pass</strong> <em>arg</em>]
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[<strong>-<em>cipher</em></strong>]
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[<strong>-paramfile</strong> <em>file</em>]
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[<strong>-algorithm</strong> <em>alg</em>]
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[<strong>-pkeyopt</strong> <em>opt</em>:<em>value</em>]
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[<strong>-genparam</strong>]
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[<strong>-text</strong>]
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[<strong>-engine</strong> <em>id</em>]</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h1><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
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<p>This command generates a private key.</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h1><a name="options">OPTIONS</a></h1>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong><a name="help" class="item"><strong>-help</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Print out a usage message.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="out_filename" class="item"><strong>-out</strong> <em>filename</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Output the key to the specified file. If this argument is not specified then
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standard output is used.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="outform_der_pem" class="item"><strong>-outform</strong> <strong>DER</strong>|<strong>PEM</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The output format; the default is <strong>PEM</strong>.
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See <em>openssl(1)/Format Options</em> for details.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="pass_arg" class="item"><strong>-pass</strong> <em>arg</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The output file password source. For more information about the format of <em>arg</em>
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see <em>openssl(1)/Pass Phrase Options</em>.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="cipher" class="item"><strong>-<em>cipher</em></strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>This option encrypts the private key with the supplied cipher. Any algorithm
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name accepted by <code>EVP_get_cipherbyname()</code> is acceptable such as <strong>des3</strong>.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="algorithm_alg" class="item"><strong>-algorithm</strong> <em>alg</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Public key algorithm to use such as RSA, DSA or DH. If used this option must
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precede any <strong>-pkeyopt</strong> options. The options <strong>-paramfile</strong> and <strong>-algorithm</strong>
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are mutually exclusive. Engines may add algorithms in addition to the standard
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built-in ones.</p>
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<p>Valid built-in algorithm names for private key generation are RSA, RSA-PSS, EC,
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X25519, X448, ED25519 and ED448.</p>
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<p>Valid built-in algorithm names for parameter generation (see the <strong>-genparam</strong>
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option) are DH, DSA and EC.</p>
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<p>Note that the algorithm name X9.42 DH may be used as a synonym for the DH
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algorithm. These are identical and do not indicate the type of parameters that
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will be generated. Use the <strong>dh_paramgen_type</strong> option to indicate whether PKCS#3
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or X9.42 DH parameters are required. See <a href="#dh_parameter_generation_options">DH Parameter Generation Options</a>
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below for more details.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="pkeyopt_opt_value" class="item"><strong>-pkeyopt</strong> <em>opt</em>:<em>value</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Set the public key algorithm option <em>opt</em> to <em>value</em>. The precise set of
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options supported depends on the public key algorithm used and its
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implementation. See <a href="#key_generation_options">KEY GENERATION OPTIONS</a> and
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<a href="#parameter_generation_options">PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS</a> below for more details.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="genparam" class="item"><strong>-genparam</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Generate a set of parameters instead of a private key. If used this option must
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precede any <strong>-algorithm</strong>, <strong>-paramfile</strong> or <strong>-pkeyopt</strong> options.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="paramfile_filename" class="item"><strong>-paramfile</strong> <em>filename</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Some public key algorithms generate a private key based on a set of parameters.
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They can be supplied using this option. If this option is used the public key
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algorithm used is determined by the parameters. If used this option must
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precede any <strong>-pkeyopt</strong> options. The options <strong>-paramfile</strong> and <strong>-algorithm</strong>
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are mutually exclusive.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="text" class="item"><strong>-text</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Print an (unencrypted) text representation of private and public keys and
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parameters along with the PEM or DER structure.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="engine_id" class="item"><strong>-engine</strong> <em>id</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>See <em>openssl(1)/Engine Options</em>.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h1><a name="key_generation_options">KEY GENERATION OPTIONS</a></h1>
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<p>The options supported by each algorithm and indeed each implementation of an
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algorithm can vary. The options for the OpenSSL implementations are detailed
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below. There are no key generation options defined for the X25519, X448, ED25519
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or ED448 algorithms.</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h2><a name="rsa_key_generation_options">RSA Key Generation Options</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong><a name="rsa_keygen_bits_numbits" class="item"><strong>rsa_keygen_bits:numbits</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The number of bits in the generated key. If not specified 2048 is used.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="rsa_keygen_primes_numprimes" class="item"><strong>rsa_keygen_primes:numprimes</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The number of primes in the generated key. If not specified 2 is used.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="rsa_keygen_pubexp_value" class="item"><strong>rsa_keygen_pubexp:value</strong></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The RSA public exponent value. This can be a large decimal or
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hexadecimal value if preceded by <code>0x</code>. Default value is 65537.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h2><a name="rsa_pss_key_generation_options">RSA-PSS Key Generation Options</a></h2>
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<p>Note: by default an <strong>RSA-PSS</strong> key has no parameter restrictions.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong><a name="rsa_keygen_bits_numbits_rsa_keygen_primes_numprimes_rsa_keygen_pubexp_value" class="item"><strong>rsa_keygen_bits</strong>:<em>numbits</em>, <strong>rsa_keygen_primes</strong>:<em>numprimes</em>,
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<strong>rsa_keygen_pubexp</strong>:<em>value</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>These options have the same meaning as the <strong>RSA</strong> algorithm.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="rsa_pss_keygen_md_digest" class="item"><strong>rsa_pss_keygen_md</strong>:<em>digest</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>If set the key is restricted and can only use <em>digest</em> for signing.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="rsa_pss_keygen_mgf1_md_digest" class="item"><strong>rsa_pss_keygen_mgf1_md</strong>:<em>digest</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>If set the key is restricted and can only use <em>digest</em> as it's MGF1
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parameter.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="rsa_pss_keygen_saltlen_len" class="item"><strong>rsa_pss_keygen_saltlen</strong>:<em>len</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>If set the key is restricted and <em>len</em> specifies the minimum salt length.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h2><a name="ec_key_generation_options">EC Key Generation Options</a></h2>
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<p>The EC key generation options can also be used for parameter generation.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong><a name="ec_paramgen_curve_curve" class="item"><strong>ec_paramgen_curve</strong>:<em>curve</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The EC curve to use. OpenSSL supports NIST curve names such as "P-256".</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="ec_param_enc_encoding" class="item"><strong>ec_param_enc</strong>:<em>encoding</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The encoding to use for parameters. The <em>encoding</em> parameter must be either
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<strong>named_curve</strong> or <strong>explicit</strong>. The default value is <strong>named_curve</strong>.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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</p>
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<hr />
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<h1><a name="parameter_generation_options">PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS</a></h1>
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<p>The options supported by each algorithm and indeed each implementation of an
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algorithm can vary. The options for the OpenSSL implementations are detailed
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below.</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h2><a name="dsa_parameter_generation_options">DSA Parameter Generation Options</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong><a name="dsa_paramgen_bits_numbits" class="item"><strong>dsa_paramgen_bits</strong>:<em>numbits</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The number of bits in the generated prime. If not specified 2048 is used.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="dsa_paramgen_q_bits_numbits" class="item"><strong>dsa_paramgen_q_bits</strong>:<em>numbits</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The number of bits in the q parameter. Must be one of 160, 224 or 256. If not
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specified 224 is used.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="dsa_paramgen_md_digest" class="item"><strong>dsa_paramgen_md</strong>:<em>digest</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The digest to use during parameter generation. Must be one of <strong>sha1</strong>, <strong>sha224</strong>
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or <strong>sha256</strong>. If set, then the number of bits in <strong>q</strong> will match the output size
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of the specified digest and the <strong>dsa_paramgen_q_bits</strong> parameter will be
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ignored. If not set, then a digest will be used that gives an output matching
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the number of bits in <strong>q</strong>, i.e. <strong>sha1</strong> if q length is 160, <strong>sha224</strong> if it 224
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or <strong>sha256</strong> if it is 256.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h2><a name="dh_parameter_generation_options">DH Parameter Generation Options</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong><a name="dh_paramgen_prime_len_numbits" class="item"><strong>dh_paramgen_prime_len</strong>:<em>numbits</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The number of bits in the prime parameter <em>p</em>. The default is 2048.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="dh_paramgen_subprime_len_numbits" class="item"><strong>dh_paramgen_subprime_len</strong>:<em>numbits</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The number of bits in the sub prime parameter <em>q</em>. The default is 256 if the
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prime is at least 2048 bits long or 160 otherwise. Only relevant if used in
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conjunction with the <strong>dh_paramgen_type</strong> option to generate X9.42 DH parameters.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="dh_paramgen_generator_value" class="item"><strong>dh_paramgen_generator</strong>:<em>value</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The value to use for the generator <em>g</em>. The default is 2.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="dh_paramgen_type_value" class="item"><strong>dh_paramgen_type</strong>:<em>value</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The type of DH parameters to generate. Use 0 for PKCS#3 DH and 1 for X9.42 DH.
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The default is 0.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><strong><a name="dh_rfc5114_num" class="item"><strong>dh_rfc5114</strong>:<em>num</em></a></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>If this option is set, then the appropriate <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5114.txt" class="rfc">RFC5114</a> parameters are used
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instead of generating new parameters. The value <em>num</em> can be one of
|
||
|
|
1, 2 or 3 corresponding to <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5114.txt" class="rfc">RFC5114</a> DH parameters consisting of
|
||
|
|
1024 bit group with 160 bit subgroup, 2048 bit group with 224 bit subgroup
|
||
|
|
and 2048 bit group with 256 bit subgroup as mentioned in <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5114.txt" class="rfc">RFC5114</a> sections
|
||
|
|
2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 respectively. If present this overrides all other DH parameter
|
||
|
|
options.</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd>
|
||
|
|
</dl>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<h2><a name="ec_parameter_generation_options">EC Parameter Generation Options</a></h2>
|
||
|
|
<p>The EC parameter generation options are the same as for key generation. See
|
||
|
|
<a href="#ec_key_generation_options">EC Key Generation Options</a> above.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<hr />
|
||
|
|
<h1><a name="notes">NOTES</a></h1>
|
||
|
|
<p>The use of the genpkey program is encouraged over the algorithm specific
|
||
|
|
utilities because additional algorithm options and ENGINE provided algorithms
|
||
|
|
can be used.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<hr />
|
||
|
|
<h1><a name="examples">EXAMPLES</a></h1>
|
||
|
|
<p>Generate an RSA private key using default parameters:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out key.pem</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Encrypt output private key using 128 bit AES and the passphrase "hello":</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out key.pem -aes-128-cbc -pass pass:hello</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Generate a 2048 bit RSA key using 3 as the public exponent:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out key.pem \
|
||
|
|
-pkeyopt rsa_keygen_bits:2048 -pkeyopt rsa_keygen_pubexp:3</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Generate 2048 bit DSA parameters:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm DSA -out dsap.pem \
|
||
|
|
-pkeyopt dsa_paramgen_bits:2048</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Generate DSA key from parameters:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -paramfile dsap.pem -out dsakey.pem</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Generate 2048 bit DH parameters:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm DH -out dhp.pem \
|
||
|
|
-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_prime_len:2048</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Generate 2048 bit X9.42 DH parameters:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm DH -out dhpx.pem \
|
||
|
|
-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_prime_len:2048 \
|
||
|
|
-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_type:1</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Output <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5114.txt" class="rfc">RFC5114</a> 2048 bit DH parameters with 224 bit subgroup:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm DH -out dhp.pem -pkeyopt dh_rfc5114:2</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Generate DH key from parameters:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -paramfile dhp.pem -out dhkey.pem</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Generate EC parameters:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -genparam -algorithm EC -out ecp.pem \
|
||
|
|
-pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:secp384r1 \
|
||
|
|
-pkeyopt ec_param_enc:named_curve</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Generate EC key from parameters:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -paramfile ecp.pem -out eckey.pem</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Generate EC key directly:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm EC -out eckey.pem \
|
||
|
|
-pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:P-384 \
|
||
|
|
-pkeyopt ec_param_enc:named_curve</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Generate an X25519 private key:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm X25519 -out xkey.pem</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Generate an ED448 private key:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
openssl genpkey -algorithm ED448 -out xkey.pem</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<hr />
|
||
|
|
<h1><a name="history">HISTORY</a></h1>
|
||
|
|
<p>The ability to use NIST curve names, and to generate an EC key directly,
|
||
|
|
were added in OpenSSL 1.0.2.
|
||
|
|
The ability to generate X25519 keys was added in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
|
||
|
|
The ability to generate X448, ED25519 and ED448 keys was added in OpenSSL 1.1.1.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<hr />
|
||
|
|
<h1><a name="copyright">COPYRIGHT</a></h1>
|
||
|
|
<p>Copyright 2006-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
|
||
|
|
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
||
|
|
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
|
||
|
|
<a href="https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html">https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html</a>.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</html>
|