466 lines
17 KiB
Groff
Executable File
466 lines
17 KiB
Groff
Executable File
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.25 (Pod::Simple 3.16)
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "OPENSSL-PKCS12 1"
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.TH OPENSSL-PKCS12 1 "2020-03-02" "3.0.0-dev" "OpenSSL"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
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openssl\-pkcs12 \- PKCS#12 file utility
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBpkcs12\fR
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[\fB\-help\fR]
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[\fB\-export\fR]
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[\fB\-chain\fR]
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[\fB\-inkey\fR \fIfile_or_id\fR]
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[\fB\-certfile\fR \fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-name\fR \fIname\fR]
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[\fB\-caname\fR \fIname\fR]
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[\fB\-in\fR \fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-noout\fR]
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[\fB\-nomacver\fR]
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[\fB\-nocerts\fR]
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[\fB\-clcerts\fR]
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[\fB\-cacerts\fR]
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[\fB\-nokeys\fR]
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[\fB\-info\fR]
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[\fB\-des\fR]
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[\fB\-des3\fR]
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[\fB\-idea\fR]
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[\fB\-aes128\fR]
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[\fB\-aes192\fR]
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[\fB\-aes256\fR]
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[\fB\-aria128\fR]
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[\fB\-aria192\fR]
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[\fB\-aria256\fR]
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[\fB\-camellia128\fR]
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[\fB\-camellia192\fR]
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[\fB\-camellia256\fR]
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[\fB\-nodes\fR]
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[\fB\-iter\fR \fIcount\fR]
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[\fB\-noiter\fR]
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[\fB\-nomaciter\fR]
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[\fB\-maciter\fR]
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[\fB\-nomac\fR]
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[\fB\-twopass\fR]
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[\fB\-descert\fR]
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[\fB\-certpbe\fR \fIcipher\fR]
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[\fB\-keypbe\fR \fIcipher\fR]
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[\fB\-macalg\fR \fIdigest\fR]
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[\fB\-keyex\fR]
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[\fB\-keysig\fR]
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[\fB\-password\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-passin\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-passout\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-LMK\fR]
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[\fB\-CSP\fR \fIname\fR]
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[\fB\-CAfile\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-no\-CAfile\fR]
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[\fB\-CApath\fR \fIdir\fR]
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[\fB\-no\-CApath\fR]
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[\fB\-CAstore\fR \fIuri\fR]
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[\fB\-no\-CAstore\fR]
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[\fB\-rand\fR \fIfiles\fR]
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[\fB\-writerand\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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This command allows PKCS#12 files (sometimes referred to as
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\&\s-1PFX\s0 files) to be created and parsed. PKCS#12 files are used by several
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programs including Netscape, \s-1MSIE\s0 and \s-1MS\s0 Outlook.
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.SH "OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "OPTIONS"
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There are a lot of options the meaning of some depends of whether a PKCS#12 file
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is being created or parsed. By default a PKCS#12 file is parsed. A PKCS#12
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file can be created by using the \fB\-export\fR option (see below).
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.SH "PARSING OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "PARSING OPTIONS"
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.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-help"
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Print out a usage message.
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.IP "\fB\-in\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-in filename"
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This specifies filename of the PKCS#12 file to be parsed. Standard input is used
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by default.
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.IP "\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-out filename"
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The filename to write certificates and private keys to, standard output by
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default. They are all written in \s-1PEM\s0 format.
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.IP "\fB\-password\fR \fIarg\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-password arg"
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With \fB\-export\fR, \fB\-password\fR is equivalent to \fB\-passout\fR,
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otherwise it is equivalent to \fB\-passin\fR.
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.IP "\fB\-noout\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-noout"
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This option inhibits output of the keys and certificates to the output file
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version of the PKCS#12 file.
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.IP "\fB\-clcerts\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-clcerts"
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Only output client certificates (not \s-1CA\s0 certificates).
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.IP "\fB\-cacerts\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-cacerts"
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Only output \s-1CA\s0 certificates (not client certificates).
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.IP "\fB\-nocerts\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-nocerts"
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No certificates at all will be output.
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.IP "\fB\-nokeys\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-nokeys"
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No private keys will be output.
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.IP "\fB\-info\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-info"
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Output additional information about the PKCS#12 file structure, algorithms
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used and iteration counts.
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.IP "\fB\-des\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-des"
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Use \s-1DES\s0 to encrypt private keys before outputting.
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.IP "\fB\-des3\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-des3"
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Use triple \s-1DES\s0 to encrypt private keys before outputting, this is the default.
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.IP "\fB\-idea\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-idea"
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Use \s-1IDEA\s0 to encrypt private keys before outputting.
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.IP "\fB\-aes128\fR, \fB\-aes192\fR, \fB\-aes256\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-aes128, -aes192, -aes256"
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Use \s-1AES\s0 to encrypt private keys before outputting.
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.IP "\fB\-aria128\fR, \fB\-aria192\fR, \fB\-aria256\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-aria128, -aria192, -aria256"
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Use \s-1ARIA\s0 to encrypt private keys before outputting.
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.IP "\fB\-camellia128\fR, \fB\-camellia192\fR, \fB\-camellia256\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-camellia128, -camellia192, -camellia256"
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Use Camellia to encrypt private keys before outputting.
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.IP "\fB\-nodes\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-nodes"
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Don't encrypt the private keys at all.
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.IP "\fB\-nomacver\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-nomacver"
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Don't attempt to verify the integrity \s-1MAC\s0 before reading the file.
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.IP "\fB\-twopass\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-twopass"
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Prompt for separate integrity and encryption passwords: most software
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always assumes these are the same so this option will render such
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PKCS#12 files unreadable. Cannot be used in combination with the options
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\&\fB\-password\fR, \fB\-passin\fR if importing, or \fB\-passout\fR if exporting.
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.SH "FILE CREATION OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "FILE CREATION OPTIONS"
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.IP "\fB\-export\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-export"
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This option specifies that a PKCS#12 file will be created rather than
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parsed.
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.IP "\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-out filename"
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This specifies filename to write the PKCS#12 file to. Standard output is used
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by default.
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.IP "\fB\-in\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-in filename"
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The filename to read certificates and private keys from, standard input by
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default. They must all be in \s-1PEM\s0 format. The order doesn't matter but one
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private key and its corresponding certificate should be present. If additional
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certificates are present they will also be included in the PKCS#12 file.
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.IP "\fB\-inkey\fR \fIfile_or_id\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-inkey file_or_id"
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File to read private key from. If not present then a private key must be present
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in the input file.
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If no engine is used, the argument is taken as a file; if an engine is
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specified, the argument is given to the engine as a key identifier.
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.IP "\fB\-name\fR \fIfriendlyname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-name friendlyname"
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This specifies the \*(L"friendly name\*(R" for the certificate and private key. This
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name is typically displayed in list boxes by software importing the file.
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.IP "\fB\-certfile\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-certfile filename"
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A filename to read additional certificates from.
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.IP "\fB\-caname\fR \fIfriendlyname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-caname friendlyname"
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This specifies the \*(L"friendly name\*(R" for other certificates. This option may be
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used multiple times to specify names for all certificates in the order they
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appear. Netscape ignores friendly names on other certificates whereas \s-1MSIE\s0
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displays them.
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.IP "\fB\-passin\fR \fIarg\fR, \fB\-passout\fR \fIarg\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-passin arg, -passout arg"
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The password source for the input, and for encrypting any private keys that
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are output.
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For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
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see \*(L"Pass Phrase Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
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.IP "\fB\-chain\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-chain"
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If this option is present then an attempt is made to include the entire
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certificate chain of the user certificate. The standard \s-1CA\s0 store is used
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for this search. If the search fails it is considered a fatal error.
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.IP "\fB\-descert\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-descert"
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Encrypt the certificate using triple \s-1DES\s0, this may render the PKCS#12
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file unreadable by some \*(L"export grade\*(R" software. By default the private
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key is encrypted using triple \s-1DES\s0 and the certificate using 40 bit \s-1RC2\s0
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unless \s-1RC2\s0 is disabled in which case triple \s-1DES\s0 is used.
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.IP "\fB\-keypbe\fR \fIalg\fR, \fB\-certpbe\fR \fIalg\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-keypbe alg, -certpbe alg"
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These options allow the algorithm used to encrypt the private key and
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certificates to be selected. Any PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 \s-1PBE\s0 algorithm name
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can be used (see \*(L"\s-1NOTES\s0\*(R" section for more information). If a cipher name
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(as output by \f(CW\*(C`openssl list \-cipher\-algorithms\*(C'\fR) is specified then it
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is used with PKCS#5 v2.0. For interoperability reasons it is advisable to only
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use PKCS#12 algorithms.
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.IP "\fB\-keyex\fR|\fB\-keysig\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-keyex|-keysig"
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Specifies that the private key is to be used for key exchange or just signing.
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This option is only interpreted by \s-1MSIE\s0 and similar \s-1MS\s0 software. Normally
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\&\*(L"export grade\*(R" software will only allow 512 bit \s-1RSA\s0 keys to be used for
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encryption purposes but arbitrary length keys for signing. The \fB\-keysig\fR
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option marks the key for signing only. Signing only keys can be used for
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S/MIME signing, authenticode (ActiveX control signing) and \s-1SSL\s0 client
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authentication, however due to a bug only \s-1MSIE\s0 5.0 and later support
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the use of signing only keys for \s-1SSL\s0 client authentication.
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.IP "\fB\-macalg\fR \fIdigest\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-macalg digest"
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Specify the \s-1MAC\s0 digest algorithm. If not included them \s-1SHA1\s0 will be used.
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.IP "\fB\-iter\fR \fIcount\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-iter count"
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This option specifies the iteration count for the encryption key and \s-1MAC\s0. The
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default value is 2048.
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.Sp
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To discourage attacks by using large dictionaries of common passwords the
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algorithm that derives keys from passwords can have an iteration count applied
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to it: this causes a certain part of the algorithm to be repeated and slows it
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down. The \s-1MAC\s0 is used to check the file integrity but since it will normally
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have the same password as the keys and certificates it could also be attacked.
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.IP "\fB\-nomaciter\fR, \fB\-noiter\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-nomaciter, -noiter"
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By default both \s-1MAC\s0 and encryption iteration counts are set to 2048, using
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these options the \s-1MAC\s0 and encryption iteration counts can be set to 1, since
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this reduces the file security you should not use these options unless you
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really have to. Most software supports both \s-1MAC\s0 and key iteration counts.
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\&\s-1MSIE\s0 4.0 doesn't support \s-1MAC\s0 iteration counts so it needs the \fB\-nomaciter\fR
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option.
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.IP "\fB\-maciter\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-maciter"
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This option is included for compatibility with previous versions, it used
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to be needed to use \s-1MAC\s0 iterations counts but they are now used by default.
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.IP "\fB\-nomac\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-nomac"
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Don't attempt to provide the \s-1MAC\s0 integrity.
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.IP "\fB\-LMK\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-LMK"
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Add the \*(L"Local Key Set\*(R" identifier to the attributes.
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.IP "\fB\-CSP\fR \fIname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-CSP name"
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Write \fIname\fR as a Microsoft \s-1CSP\s0 name.
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.IP "\fB\-CAfile\fR \fIfile\fR, \fB\-no\-CAfile\fR, \fB\-CApath\fR \fIdir\fR, \fB\-no\-CApath\fR, \fB\-CAstore\fR \fIuri\fR, \fB\-no\-CAstore\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-CAfile file, -no-CAfile, -CApath dir, -no-CApath, -CAstore uri, -no-CAstore"
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See \*(L"Trusted Certificate Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1) for details.
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.IP "\fB\-rand\fR \fIfiles\fR, \fB\-writerand\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-rand files, -writerand file"
|
|
See \*(L"Random State Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1) for details.
|
|
.IP "\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "-engine id"
|
|
See \*(L"Engine Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
|
|
.SH "NOTES"
|
|
.IX Header "NOTES"
|
|
Although there are a large number of options most of them are very rarely
|
|
used. For PKCS#12 file parsing only \fB\-in\fR and \fB\-out\fR need to be used
|
|
for PKCS#12 file creation \fB\-export\fR and \fB\-name\fR are also used.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If none of the \fB\-clcerts\fR, \fB\-cacerts\fR or \fB\-nocerts\fR options are present
|
|
then all certificates will be output in the order they appear in the input
|
|
PKCS#12 files. There is no guarantee that the first certificate present is
|
|
the one corresponding to the private key. Certain software which requires
|
|
a private key and certificate and assumes the first certificate in the
|
|
file is the one corresponding to the private key: this may not always
|
|
be the case. Using the \fB\-clcerts\fR option will solve this problem by only
|
|
outputting the certificate corresponding to the private key. If the \s-1CA\s0
|
|
certificates are required then they can be output to a separate file using
|
|
the \fB\-nokeys\fR \fB\-cacerts\fR options to just output \s-1CA\s0 certificates.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The \fB\-keypbe\fR and \fB\-certpbe\fR algorithms allow the precise encryption
|
|
algorithms for private keys and certificates to be specified. Normally
|
|
the defaults are fine but occasionally software can't handle triple \s-1DES\s0
|
|
encrypted private keys, then the option \fB\-keypbe\fR \fI\s-1PBE\-SHA1\-RC2\-40\s0\fR can
|
|
be used to reduce the private key encryption to 40 bit \s-1RC2\s0. A complete
|
|
description of all algorithms is contained in \fIopenssl\-pkcs8\fR\|(1).
|
|
.PP
|
|
Prior 1.1 release passwords containing non-ASCII characters were encoded
|
|
in non-compliant manner, which limited interoperability, in first hand
|
|
with Windows. But switching to standard-compliant password encoding
|
|
poses problem accessing old data protected with broken encoding. For
|
|
this reason even legacy encodings is attempted when reading the
|
|
data. If you use PKCS#12 files in production application you are advised
|
|
to convert the data, because implemented heuristic approach is not
|
|
MT-safe, its sole goal is to facilitate the data upgrade with this
|
|
command.
|
|
.SH "EXAMPLES"
|
|
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
|
|
Parse a PKCS#12 file and output it to a file:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl pkcs12 \-in file.p12 \-out file.pem
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Output only client certificates to a file:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl pkcs12 \-in file.p12 \-clcerts \-out file.pem
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Don't encrypt the private key:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl pkcs12 \-in file.p12 \-out file.pem \-nodes
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Print some info about a PKCS#12 file:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl pkcs12 \-in file.p12 \-info \-noout
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Create a PKCS#12 file:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl pkcs12 \-export \-in file.pem \-out file.p12 \-name "My Certificate"
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Include some extra certificates:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& openssl pkcs12 \-export \-in file.pem \-out file.p12 \-name "My Certificate" \e
|
|
\& \-certfile othercerts.pem
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-pkcs8\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIossl_store\-file\fR\|(7)
|
|
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
|
|
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
|
|
Copyright 2000\-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the \*(L"License\*(R"). You may not use
|
|
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
|
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
|
|
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
|