11 KiB
SSB modulator plugin
Introduction
This plugin can be used to generate a single sideband or double sidebands modulated signal.
Interface
☞ In order to toggle USB or LSB mode in SSB mode you have to set the "BW" in channel filter cutoff control (8) to a positive (USB) or negative (LSB) value. The above screenshot shows a USB setup. See the (7) to (9) paragraphs below for details.
☞ The channel marker in the main spectrum display shows the actual band received taking in channel filtering into account.
1: Frequency shift from center frequency of transmission
Use the wheels to adjust the frequency shift in Hz from the center frequency of transmission. Left click on a digit sets the cursor position at this digit. Right click on a digit sets all digits on the right to zero. This effectively floors value at the digit position. Wheels are moved with the mousewheel while pointing at the wheel or by selecting the wheel with the left mouse click and using the keyboard arrows. Pressing shift simultaneously moves digit by 5 and pressing control moves it by 2.
2: Channel power
Average total power in dB relative to a +/- 1.0 amplitude signal generated in the pass band.
3: Binaural mode
Use this button to toggle between monaural and binaural mode. Monaural is classical single sideband or double sidebands modulation. In binaural mode I and Q samples are taken from the left and right stereo channels (or reversed).
When in monaural mode the icon shows a single loudspeaker and when in binaural mode it shows a pair of loudspeakers.
4: Reverse left and right channels in binaural mode
Effective only in binaural mode: reverses left and right audio channels so that the left is connected to Q and the right to the I complex signal channel.
5: Sideband flip
Flip LSB/USB. Mirror filter bandwidth around zero frequency and change from LSB to USB or vice versa. Works in SSB mode only.
6: SSB/DSB
Selects between SSB and DSB operation. When in SSB mode the icon shows a single sideband spectrum (USB side). When in DSB mode the icon shows a double sideband spectrum. In SSB mode the shape of the icon represents LSB or USB operation.
7: Spectrum display frequency span
The transmitted signal in the sideband (SSB) or sidebands (DSB) sample rate of 48 kHz is further decimated by a power of two before being applied to the channel spectrum display and used to set the in channel filter limits. This effectively sets the total available bandwidth depending on the decimation:
- 1 (no decimation): 24 kHz (SSB) or 48 kHz (DSB)
- 2: 12 kHz (SSB) or 24 kHz (DSB)
- 4: 6 kHz (SSB) or 12 kHz (DSB)
- 8: 3 kHz (SSB) or 6 kHz (DSB)
- 16: 1.5 kHz (SSB) or 3 kHz (DSB)
The span value display is set as follows depending on the SSB or DSB mode:
- In SSB mode: the span goes from zero to the upper (USB: positive frequencies) or lower (LSB: negative frequencies) limit and the absolute value of the limit is displayed.
- In DSB mode: the span goes from the lower to the upper limit of same absolute value and ± the absolute value of the limit is displayed.
This is how the Span (7) and bandpass (8, 9) filter controls look like in the 3 possible modes:
DSB:
- Decimation factor is 4 hence span is 6 kHz from -3 to +3 kHz and ±3.0k is displayed
- In channel filter bandwidth is 5.2 kHz from -2.6 to +2.6 kHz and ±2.4k is displayed
- In channel filter "low cut" is disabled and set to 0
USB:
- Decimation factor is 4 hence span is 3 kHz from 0 to 3 kHz and 3.0k is displayed
- In channel filter upper cutoff is 2.4 kHz and 2.6k is displayed
- In channel filter lower cutoff is 0.3 kHz and 0.3k is displayed
- Hence in channel filter bandwidth is 2.3 kHz
LSB:
- Decimation factor is 4 hence span is 3 kHz from 0 to -3 kHz and -3.0k is displayed
- In channel filter lower cutoff is -2.6 kHz and -2.6k is displayed
- In channel filter upper cutoff is -0.3 kHz and -0.3k is displayed
- Hence in channel filter bandwidth is 2.3 kHz
8: "BW": In channel bandpass filter cutoff frequency farthest from zero
Values are expressed in kHz and step is 100 Hz.
- In SSB mode this is the upper (USB: positive frequencies) or lower (LSB: negative frequencies) cutoff of the in channel single side band bandpass filter. The value triggers LSB mode when negative and USB when positive
- In DSB mode this is half the bandwidth of the double side band in channel bandpass filter therefore the value is prefixed with the ± sign.
9: "Low cut": In channel bandpass filter cutoff frequency closest to zero
Values are expressed in kHz and step is 100 Hz.
- In SSB mode this is the lower cutoff (USB: positive frequencies) or higher cutoff (LSB: negative frequencies) of the in channel single side band bandpass filter.
- In DSB mode it is inactive and set to zero (double side band filter).
10: Volume
This is the volume of the audio signal from 0.0 (mute) to 2.0 (maximum). It can be varied continuously in 0.1 steps using the dial button. The Loudspeaker button is the audio mute toggle.
11: Level meter in %
- top bar (beige): average value
- bottom bar (brown): instantaneous peak value
- tip vertical bar (bright red): peak hold value
You should aim at keeping the peak value below 100% using the volume control
12: Audio compression
The audio compressor uses the same AGC as on the receive side (SSB demodulator) with the following changes:
- The clamping is always active to prevent modulation overload
- The amplitude (magnitude) order control is tunable (2.2)
- The squelch delay after return below threshold is tunable (2.6)
The audio compressor works only in monaural mode controlled by (4)
12.1: Audio compressor toggle
Use this button to toggle audio compressor on and off. In "on" mode the button is lit as on the picture.
12.2: AGC magnitude order
This is the ratio to maximum signal magnitude aimed by the AGC. The higher the stronger is the compression but the signal will have more chances to get clamped and therefore will get more severely distorted.
The default value is 0.2 which is rather mild. For normal voice you should not exceed 0.4 however the criteria is rather subjective. It is flexible enough to be tuned between 0 and 1 in 0.01 increments.
12.3: AGC time constant
Audio power is averaged during this period in ms. The lower the closer the compression reacts to audio signal variations and the "harder" it feels. This period can be set among these values: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 990 ms
The default value is 200 ms which is relatively "soft". Most practically useful values are between 20 and 500 ms.
12.4: Power threshold
in order to avoid small signals due to background noise or power wiggle to enter the system and raise to normal voice level a power based squelch is in place. This control allows to select a threshold in dB above which a signal will open the squelch if it lasts longer than the squelch gate (2.5). Default is -40 dB.
12.5: Squelch gate
This prevents short bursts to open the squelch. This is the time in ms after a signal with a power constantly above the threshold will effectively open the squelch. Default is 4 ms.
12.6: Squelch cut-off delay
This controls the delay in ms after which a signal drop below threshold will close the squelch. Default value is 50 ms.
13: Input source control
13.1: Tone input select
Switches to the tone input. You must switch it off to make other inputs available.
13.2: Morse keyer input select
Switches to the Morse keyer input. You must switch it off to make other inputs available.
13.3: Tone frequency (kHz)
Adjusts the tone frequency from 0.1 to 2.5 kHz in 0.01 kHz steps
13.4: Audio input select and select audio input device
Left click to switch to the audio input. You must switch it off to make other inputs available.
Right click to select audio input device. See audio management documentation for details.
14: CW (Morse) text
Enter the text to be keyed when Morse input is active and in text mode
15: Clear CW text
Clears the CW (Morse) text
16: Morse keyer controls
16.1: CW keying speed
Sets the CW speed in Words Per Minute (WPM). This is based on the word "PARIS" sent 5 times. For 5 WPM the dot length is 240 ms. In other terms the dot length is calculated as 1.2 / WPM seconds. The dot length is used as the base to compute other timings:
- Element (dot or dash) silence separator: 1 dot length
- Dash: 3 dot lengths
- Character silence separator: 3 dot lengths
- Word silence separator: 7 dot lengths
16.2: Dots keying
Switch this button to send dots continuously
16.3: Dashes keying
Switch this button to send dashes continuously
16.4: Text keying
Switch this button to send the text typed into the text box (13)
16.5: Text auto repeat
Switch this button to auto repeat the text keying
16.6: Text play/stop
Use this button to stop sending text. When resuming keying restarts at the start of text
17: Audio file path
The path to the selected audio file to be played or dots if unselected
18: Audio file play controls
18.1: Audio file select
Opens a file dialog to select the audio file to be played. It must be 48 kHz F32LE raw format. If binaural mode is selected it takes a 2 channel (stereo) file else it should be mono.
Using sox a .wav file can be converted with this command: sox piano.wav -t raw -r 48k -c 1 -b 32 -L -e float piano.raw (mono) or sox piano.wav -t raw -r 48k -c 2 -b 32 -L -e float piano.raw (stereo)
18.2: Audio file loop
Audio replay file at the end
18.3: Play/pause file play
Toggle play/pause file play. When paused the slider below (20) can be used to randomly set the position in the file when re-starting.
19: Play file current position
This is the current audio file play position in time units relative to the start
20: Play file length
This is the audio file play length in time units
21: Play file position slider
This slider can be used to randomly set the current position in the file when file play is in pause state (button 17.3)
22: Channel spectrum display
This is the channel spectrum display. Controls at the bottom of the panel are the same as with the central spectrum display.