Simplify the code of include/linux/task_io_accounting.h.
It is also more reasonable to have all the task i/o-related statistics in a
single struct (task_io_accounting).
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <righi.andrea@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ieee1394/linux1394-2.6:
firewire: state userland requirements in Kconfig help
firewire: avoid memleak after phy config transmit failure
firewire: fw-ohci: TSB43AB22/A dualbuffer workaround
firewire: queue the right number of data
firewire: warn on unfinished transactions during card removal
firewire: small fw_fill_request cleanup
firewire: fully initialize fw_transaction before marking it pending
firewire: fix race of bus reset with request transmission
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi-misc-2.6: (59 commits)
[SCSI] replace __FUNCTION__ with __func__
[SCSI] extend the last_sector_bug flag to cover more sectors
[SCSI] qla2xxx: Update version number to 8.02.01-k6.
[SCSI] qla2xxx: Additional NPIV corrections.
[SCSI] qla2xxx: suppress uninitialized-var warning
[SCSI] qla2xxx: use memory_read_from_buffer()
[SCSI] qla2xxx: Issue proper ISP callbacks during stop-firmware.
[SCSI] ch: fix ch_remove oops
[SCSI] 3w-9xxx: add MSI support and misc fixes
[SCSI] scsi_lib: use blk_rq_tagged in scsi_request_fn
[SCSI] ibmvfc: Update driver version to 1.0.1
[SCSI] ibmvfc: Add ADISC support
[SCSI] ibmvfc: Miscellaneous fixes
[SCSI] ibmvfc: Fix hang on module removal
[SCSI] ibmvfc: Target refcounting fixes
[SCSI] ibmvfc: Reduce unnecessary log noise
[SCSI] sym53c8xx: free luntbl in sym_hcb_free
[SCSI] scsi_scan.c: Release mutex in error handling code
[SCSI] scsi_eh_prep_cmnd should save scmd->underflow
[SCSI] sd: Support for SCSI disk (SBC) Data Integrity Field
...
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hskinnemoen/avr32-2.6:
avr32: some mmc/sd cleanups
include/video/atmel_lcdc.h must #include <linux/workqueue.h>
avr32: allow system timer to share interrupt to make OProfile work
drivers/misc/atmel-ssc.c: Removed duplicated include
avr32: Add platform data for AC97C platform device
avr32: clean up mci platform code
fix avr32 build errors
* 'kvm-updates-2.6.27' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/avi/kvm:
KVM: ppc: fix invalidation of large guest pages
KVM: s390: Fix possible host kernel bug on lctl(g) handling
KVM: s390: Fix instruction naming for lctlg
KVM: s390: Fix program check on interrupt delivery handling
KVM: s390: Change guestaddr type in gaccess
KVM: s390: Fix guest kconfig
KVM: s390: Advertise KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY
KVM: ia64: Fix irq disabling leak in error handling code
KVM: VMX: Fix undefined beaviour of EPT after reload kvm-intel.ko
KVM: VMX: Fix bypass_guest_pf enabling when disable EPT in module parameter
KVM: task switch: translate guest segment limit to virt-extension byte granular field
KVM: Avoid instruction emulation when event delivery is pending
KVM: task switch: use seg regs provided by subarch instead of reading from GDT
KVM: task switch: segment base is linear address
KVM: SVM: allow enabling/disabling NPT by reloading only the architecture module
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sam/kbuild-next: (25 commits)
setlocalversion: do not describe if there is nothing to describe
kconfig: fix typos: "Suport" -> "Support"
kconfig: make defconfig is no longer chatty
kconfig: make oldconfig is now less chatty
kconfig: speed up all*config + randconfig
kconfig: set all new symbols automatically
kconfig: add diffconfig utility
kbuild: remove Module.markers during mrproper
kbuild: sparse needs CF not CHECKFLAGS
kernel-doc: handle/strip __init
vmlinux.lds: move __attribute__((__cold__)) functions back into final .text section
init: fix URL of "The GNU Accounting Utilities"
kbuild: add arch/$ARCH/include to search path
kbuild: asm symlink support for arch/$ARCH/include
kbuild: support arch/$ARCH/include for tags, cscope
kbuild: prepare headers_* for arch/$ARCH/include
kbuild: install all headers when arch is changed
kbuild: make clean removes *.o.* as well
kbuild: optimize headers_* targets
kbuild: only one call for include/ in make headers_*
...
On powerpc (allyesconfig build) we get this error:
drivers/isdn/hardware/mISDN/hfcpci.c:1991: error: implicit declaration of function 'virt_to_bus'
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Put all i/o statistics in struct proc_io_accounting and use inline functions to
initialize and increment statistics, removing a lot of single variable
assignments.
This also reduces the kernel size as following (with CONFIG_TASK_XACCT=y and
CONFIG_TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING=y).
text data bss dec hex filename
11651 0 0 11651 2d83 kernel/exit.o.before
11619 0 0 11619 2d63 kernel/exit.o.after
10886 132 136 11154 2b92 kernel/fork.o.before
10758 132 136 11026 2b12 kernel/fork.o.after
3082029 807968 4818600 8708597 84e1f5 vmlinux.o.before
3081869 807968 4818600 8708437 84e155 vmlinux.o.after
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <righi.andrea@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the following warning with CONFIG_TRACING=y:
kernel/trace/trace.c: In function ‘s_next’:
kernel/trace/trace.c:1186: warning: unused variable ‘last_ent’
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <righi.andrea@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6:
ALSA: Allow to force model to intel-mac-v3 in snd_hda_intel (sigmatel).
ALSA: cs4232: fix crash during chip PNP detection
ALSA: hda - Add automatic model setting for the Acer Aspire 5920G laptop
ALSA: make snd_ac97_add_vmaster() static
ALSA: sound/pci/azt3328.h: no variables for enums
ALSA: soc - wm9712 mono mixer
ALSA: hda - Add support of ASUS Eeepc P90*
ALSA: opti9xx: no isapnp param for !CONFIG_PNP
ALSA: opti93x - Fix NULL dereference
ALSA: hda - Added support for Asus V1Sn
ALSA: ASoC: Factor PGA DAPM handling into main
ALSA: ASoC: Refactor DAPM event handler
ALSA: ALSA: ens1370: communicate PCI device to AC97
ALSA: ens1370: SRC stands for Sample Rate Converter
ALSA: hda - Align BDL position adjustment parameter
ALSA: Au1xpsc: psc not disabled when TX is idle
ALSA: add TriTech 28023 AC97 codec ID and Wolfson 9701 name.
Piss-poor sysctl registration API strikes again, film at 11...
What we really need is _pathname_ required to be present in already
registered table, so that kernel could warn about bad order. That's the
next target for sysctl stuff (and generally saner and more explicit
order of initialization of ipv[46] internals wouldn't hurt either).
For the time being, here are full fixups required by ..._rotable()
stuff; we make per-net sysctl sets descendents of "ro" one and make sure
that sufficient skeleton is there before we start registering per-net
sysctls.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
try_attach() should walk into the matching subdirectory, not the first one...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Tested-by: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Tested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
you can pull this git://git./linux/kernel/git/kkeil/ISDN-2.6 master
rename release_tei() to TEIrelease() because release_tei() was
already exported bei the old HiSax driver.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
[jejb: fixed up a ton of missed conversions.
All of you are on notice this has happened, driver trees will now
need to be rebased]
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Cc: SCSI List <linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
The last_sector_bug flag was added to work around a bug in certain usb
cardreaders, where they would crash if a multiple sector read included the
last sector. The original implementation avoids this by e.g. splitting an 8
sector read which includes the last sector into a 7 sector read, and a single
sector read for the last sector. The flag is enabled for all USB devices.
This revealed a second bug in other usb cardreaders, which crash when they
get a multiple sector read which stops 1 sector short of the last sector.
Affected hardware includes the Kingston "MobileLite" external USB cardreader
and the internal USB cardreader on the Asus EeePC.
Extend the last_sector_bug workaround to ensure that any access which touches
the last 8 hardware sectors of the device is a single sector long. Requests
are shrunk as necessary to meet this constraint.
This gives us a safety margin against potential unknown or future bugs
affecting multi-sector access to the end of the device. The two known bugs
only affect the last 2 sectors. However, they suggest that these devices
are prone to fencepost errors and that multi-sector access to the end of the
device is not well tested. Popular OS's use multi-sector accesses, but they
rarely read the last few sectors. Linux (with udev & vol_id) automatically
reads sectors from the end of the device on insertion. It is assumed that
single sector accesses are more thoroughly tested during development.
Signed-off-by: Alan Jenkins <alan-jenkins@tuffmail.co.uk>
Tested-by: Alan Jenkins <alan-jenkins@tuffmail.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Minor cleanups for the MMC/SD support on avr32:
- Make at32_add_device_mci() properly initialize "missing"
platform data ... so boards like STK1002 won't try GPIO 0.
- Switch over to gpio_is_valid() instead of testing for only
one designated value.
- Provide STK1002 platform data for the unlikely case that
switches are set so first Ethernet controller isn't in use.
(That's the only way to get card detect and writeprotect
switch sensing on the STK1000.)
And get rid of one "unused variable" warning.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <haavard.skinnemoen@atmel.com>
The shared mmap code works fine for the test case, which only checked
for two shared maps of the same file. However, three shared maps
result in one mapping remaining cached, resulting in stale data being
visible via that mapping. Fix this.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
cacheflush.h was doing:
... VIVT only stuff
... VIPT only stuff
... VIVT or VIPT stuff
which is clearly bogus - we would only ever use the "VIVT or VIPT" case
when both VIVT and VIPT are not selected. Fix this.
Add comments to each case, including noting the impossibility of
correctly detecting the cache type of ARM926 and ARMv6 cores from
the cache type register in the "VIVT or VIPT" case.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
When guest invalidates a large tlb map, there may be more than one
corresponding shadow tlb maps that need to be invalidated. Use eaddr and eend
to find these shadow tlb maps.
Signed-off-by: Liu Yu <yu.liu@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Hollis Blanchard <hollisb@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
IRQT_* and __IRQT_* were obsoleted long ago by patch [3692/1].
Remove them completely. Sed script for the reference:
s/__IRQT_RISEDGE/IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_RISING/g
s/__IRQT_FALEDGE/IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING/g
s/__IRQT_LOWLVL/IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW/g
s/__IRQT_HIGHLVL/IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH/g
s/IRQT_RISING/IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_RISING/g
s/IRQT_FALLING/IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING/g
s/IRQT_BOTHEDGE/IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH/g
s/IRQT_LOW/IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW/g
s/IRQT_HIGH/IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH/g
s/IRQT_PROBE/IRQ_TYPE_PROBE/g
s/IRQT_NOEDGE/IRQ_TYPE_NONE/g
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Baryshkov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
The lctl(g) instructions require a specific alignment for the parameters.
The architecture requires a specification program check if these alignments
are not used. Enforcing this alignment also removes a possible host BUG,
since the get_guest functions check for proper alignment and emits a BUG.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Lets fix the name for the lctlg instruction...
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
The current interrupt handling on s390 misbehaves on an error case. On s390
each cpu has the prefix area (lowcore) for interrupt delivery. This memory
must always be available. If we fail to access the prefix area for a guest
on interrupt delivery the configuration is completely unusable. There is no
point in sending another program interrupt to an inaccessible lowcore.
Furthermore, we should not bug the host kernel, because this can be triggered
by userspace. I think the guest kernel itself can not trigger the problem, as
SET PREFIX and SIGNAL PROCESSOR SET PREFIX both check that the memory is
available and sane. As this is a userspace bug (e.g. setting the wrong guest
offset, unmapping guest memory) we should kill the userspace process instead
of BUGing the host kernel.
In the long term we probably should notify the userspace process about this
problem.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
All registers are unsigned long types. This patch changes all occurences
of guestaddr in gaccess from u64 to unsigned long.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Cornelia Huck noticed that a modular virtio without kvm guest support
leads to a build error in the s390 virtio transport:
CONFIG_VIRTIO=m leads to
ERROR: "vmem_add_mapping" [drivers/s390/kvm/kvm_virtio.ko] undefined!
ERROR: "max_pfn" [drivers/s390/kvm/kvm_virtio.ko] undefined!
ERROR: "vmem_remove_mapping" [drivers/s390/kvm/kvm_virtio.ko] undefined!
The virtio transport only works with kvm guest support and only as a
builtin. Lets change the build process of drivers/s390/kvm/kvm_virtio.c
to depend on kvm guest support, which is also a bool.
CONFIG_S390_GUEST already selects CONFIG_VIRTIO, that should prevent
CONFIG_S390_GUEST=y CONFIG_VIRTIO=n situations.
CC: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY is used by s390, therefore, we should advertise it.
Signed-off-by: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
There is a call to local_irq_restore in the normal exit case, so it would
seem that there should be one on an error return as well.
The semantic patch that finds this problem is as follows:
(http://www.emn.fr/x-info/coccinelle/)
// <smpl>
@@
expression l;
expression E,E1,E2;
@@
local_irq_save(l);
... when != local_irq_restore(l)
when != spin_unlock_irqrestore(E,l)
when any
when strict
(
if (...) { ... when != local_irq_restore(l)
when != spin_unlock_irqrestore(E1,l)
+ local_irq_restore(l);
return ...;
}
|
if (...)
+ {local_irq_restore(l);
return ...;
+ }
|
spin_unlock_irqrestore(E2,l);
|
local_irq_restore(l);
)
// </smpl>
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
When an event (such as an interrupt) is injected, and the stack is
shadowed (and therefore write protected), the guest will exit. The
current code will see that the stack is shadowed and emulate a few
instructions, each time postponing the injection. Eventually the
injection may succeed, but at that time the guest may be unwilling
to accept the interrupt (for example, the TPR may have changed).
This occurs every once in a while during a Windows 2008 boot.
Fix by unshadowing the fault address if the fault was due to an event
injection.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
There is no guarantee that the old TSS descriptor in the GDT contains
the proper base address. This is the case for Windows installation's
reboot-via-triplefault.
Use guest registers instead. Also translate the address properly.
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
The segment base is always a linear address, so translate before
accessing guest memory.
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
If NPT is enabled after loading both KVM modules on AMD and it should be
disabled, both KVM modules must be reloaded. If only the architecture module is
reloaded the behavior is undefined. With this patch it is possible to disable
NPT only by reloading the kvm_amd module.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Currently, even if you pass model=intel-mac-v3 as a module parameter to
snd_hda_intel, the function patch_stac922x (patch_sigmatel.c) will still
try to auto-detect the model type. This is a problem on my MacBook Pro 1st
generation, which needs intel-mac-v3, but sometimes incorrectly reports
0x00000100 as subsystem id, which causes the switch in patch_stac922x to
select intel-mac-v4.
To fix this, I added a new model called intel-mac-auto, so in case no
module parameter is passed, and an Intel Mac board is detected, the
model will be automatically detected, while no detection will be done
if the model is forced to intel-mac-v3.
This problem has been around for quite a while, and I used to fix it
by moving the case statement for 0x00000100 in patch_stac922x so that
intel-mac-v3 is chosen.
Another way to fix the problem would be to check if a module parameter
was set directly in patch_stac922x, using something like this:
if (spec->board_config == STAC_INTEL_MAC_V3 &&
!codec->bus->modelname) {
But I think it is less elegant (if you prefer that way, I can prepare a
patch).
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Boichat <nicolas@boichat.ch>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The acard->wss pointer is uninitialized in this function
which leads to crash during chip PNP detection.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Helt <krzysztof.h1@wp.pl>
Acked-by: Rene Herman <rene.herman@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Make the Acer Aspire 5920G (1025:0121) select ALC883_ACER_ASPIRE
by default.
Signed-off-by: Travis Place <wishie@wishie.net>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
This patch makes the needlessly global snd_ac97_add_vmaster() static.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
AZF_FREQUENCIES and AZF_GAME_CONFIGS were variables, and this doesn't
seem to have been intended.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andreas Mohr <andi@lisas.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/roland/infiniband:
mlx4: Update/add Mellanox Technologies copyright lines to mlx4 driver files
mlx4_core: Add VLAN tag field to WQE control segment struct
RDMA/nes: CM connection setup/teardown rework
IPoIB: Correct help text for INFINIBAND_IPOIB_DEBUG
IPoIB/cm: Connected mode is no longer EXPERIMENTAL
RDMA/ucm: BKL is not needed for ib_ucm_open()
RDMA/ucma: BKL is not needed for ucma_open()
The fix NULLed a pointer without freeing it.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.de>
Reported-by: Juha Motorsportcom <juha_motorsportcom@luukku.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* git://git.infradead.org/mtd-2.6: (57 commits)
[MTD] [NAND] subpage read feature as a way to increase performance.
CPUFREQ: S3C24XX NAND driver frequency scaling support.
[MTD][NAND] au1550nd: remove unused variable
[MTD] jedec_probe: Fix SST 16-bit chip detection
[MTD][MTDPART] Fix a division by zero bug
[MTD][MTDPART] Cleanup and document the erase region handling
[MTD][MTDPART] Handle most checkpatch findings
[MTD][MTDPART] Seperate main loop from per-partition code in add_mtd_partition
[MTD] physmap: resume already suspended chips on failure to suspend
[MTD] physmap: Fix suspend/resume/shutdown bugs.
[MTD] [NOR] Fix -ETIMEO errors in CFI driver
[MTD] [NAND] fsl_elbc_nand: fix section mismatch with CONFIG_MTD_OF_PARTS=y
[JFFS2] Use .unlocked_ioctl
[MTD] Fix const assignment in the MTD command line partitioning driver
[MTD] [NOR] gen_probe: No debug message when debugging is disabled
[MTD] [NAND] remove __PPC__ hardcoded address from DiskOnChip drivers
[MTD] [MAPS] Remove the bast-flash driver.
[MTD] [NAND] fsl_elbc_nand: ecclayout cleanups
[MTD] [NAND] fsl_elbc_nand: implement support for flash-based BBT
[MTD] [NAND] fsl_elbc_nand: fix OOB workability for large page NAND chips
...
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/drzeus/mmc:
atmel-mci: debugfs support
mmc: Add per-card debugfs support
mmc: Export internal host state through debugfs
imxmmc: fix crash when no platform data is provided
imxmmc: fix platform resources
imxmmc: remove DEBUG definition
mmc_spi: put signals to low power off fix
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6: (39 commits)
[PATCH] fix RLIM_NOFILE handling
[PATCH] get rid of corner case in dup3() entirely
[PATCH] remove remaining namei_{32,64}.h crap
[PATCH] get rid of indirect users of namei.h
[PATCH] get rid of __user_path_lookup_open
[PATCH] f_count may wrap around
[PATCH] dup3 fix
[PATCH] don't pass nameidata to __ncp_lookup_validate()
[PATCH] don't pass nameidata to gfs2_lookupi()
[PATCH] new (local) helper: user_path_parent()
[PATCH] sanitize __user_walk_fd() et.al.
[PATCH] preparation to __user_walk_fd cleanup
[PATCH] kill nameidata passing to permission(), rename to inode_permission()
[PATCH] take noexec checks to very few callers that care
Re: [PATCH 3/6] vfs: open_exec cleanup
[patch 4/4] vfs: immutable inode checking cleanup
[patch 3/4] fat: dont call notify_change
[patch 2/4] vfs: utimes cleanup
[patch 1/4] vfs: utimes: move owner check into inode_change_ok()
[PATCH] vfs: use kstrdup() and check failing allocation
...
